Joints and movement

2. What is Joint ?
Joint is the articulation between two
or more bones.

3. Classification of Joint
• Joint is classified on the basis of its structure and
function.
JOINT
STRUCTURAL
CLASSIFICATION
FUNCTIONAL
CLASSIFICATION

4. The structural classification of joints is based on the Presence or
absences of a space between the articulating bones called a joint
cavity and the types of connective tissue that binds the bone together.
STRUCTURALLY JOINT IS CLASSIFIED AS :
1. Fibrous joint
2. Cartilaginous joint
3. Synovial joint
STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION

5. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
The functional classification of joints takes into
account the degree of movement they permit.
FUNCTIONALLY JOINT IS CLASSIFIED AS :
1. A Synarthrosis or immovable joint.
2. An Amphiarthrosis or slightly movable.
3. A Diathrosis or freely movable joint.

6. • The bones are held together by fibrous
connective tissue.
• They permit no movement.
• For example - Suture of the skull.
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Fibrous or immovable joint.

7. Cartilaginous or slightly movable joint
• The bones are held together by cartilage.
• They allow little or slightly movement of
joints.
TWO TYPES
1. Synchondrosis (Primary cartilaginous joint)
2. Symphysis (Secondary cartilaginous joint)
• For example- Joints between the

8. Synovial or freely movable joint.
• There is Joint cavity and
surrounding by articular
capsule.
• The motion is possible in the
joints.

9. • Pivot joint.
• Ball and Socket joint.
• Hinge joint.
• Gliding joint.
• Saddle joint.
• Condyloid joint.
•
TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINT.

10. Pivot joint
• The joint which allow rotation
movement .
• For ex.- neck and forearm.

11. Ball and socket joint
• Great freedom of movement is
allowed in many directions
around a central point.
• For example - hip and shoulder
joint.

12. Hinge joint
• Where forward and backward movements
are allowed which are specifically called
as flexion and extension.
• For example - Elbow and knee.

13. Gliding joint.
• The joint surfaces are flat or slightly
curved in which bones surfaces slide
over one another.
• For example - carpal in wrist.

14. Saddle joint.
• It is almost similar to condyloid
joint that allows movement in
two planes but has more freedom
of motion.
• For example - carpus and
metacarpal of thumb.

15. Condyloid joint.
• Movements in two planes are allowed
like flexion, extension and abduction,
adduction.
• When these movements are performed
in circumduction for
• Example – Metacarpophalangeal
joint

16. References
• Book
• R.T. Floyd, “Manual of Structural Kinesiology”. Pub. by McGraw-Hill (18th
Edition)2012 ,pp (276-289).
• Internet
• http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/organs/Skeletal_joints.html
• Journals
• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Joint motion: method of measuring
and recording. Chicago, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1965

17. YOU
THANK