1. PES/ENG/IX/011
• This is FINAL version file.(REVISED)
• Pl mark the portion reqd in Punjabi
• Total word count – 2,526
A PUNJAB EDUSAT SOCIETY PRODUCTION
CLASS: IX
SUBJECT: ENGLISH
TOPIC: TENSES
(PART II)
ANCHOR-1:
Welcome back! It has not been very long since our last
module on Present Tense. You will find this module on
the Past Tense and the next one on Future Tense a very
similar one. Let us first quickly revise what we did last
time.
SUPER:
LET’S RECALL THE’ PRESENT TENSE’
MM-1
Show the same coloured diagram,IMAGE 1 , and the
text should pop up along with the VO,AS each text
box is read.
TEXT on SCREEN (show with the diagram) withVO,
reading the text on the diagram
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d.Present
perfect
continuous TENSES c. Present Pe
Tense. Tense.
P
R
E b.Present
S Continuous
a. Present Tense.
Indefinite
E
Tense. N
T
• Simple Present/ Present Indefinite Tense
o I do
• Present Continuous Tense
o I am doing, I will be doing tomorrow
• Present Perfect Tense
o I have done
• Present Perfect Continuous Tense
o I have been doing
VO with the above Text on screen
Last time, we learnt that the simple present tense is used
to talk about things happening ‘now’. The Present
Indefinite Tense says “I do”. For example ‘ I cook food.’
Then we have the present continuous tense that shows
the action which is being done right now. For example-
‘Right now, I am telling you about Tenses.’ Then we learnt
about the Present Perfect tense which relates to an
action which was being done till now. The Present Perfect
Continuous example can be’ I have been teaching
English Grammar.’
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ANCHOR 2:
We shall now move on to the Past Tense. The Past Tense
also has the same four forms. But before we go through
them, let us have a look at our Learning Objectives for
this session.
SUPER
Learning Objectives
VO with Text on Screen
After this session, you will be able to
 List the four types of Past tense
 Identify the type of past tense in a given sentence
 Use the different types of past tense correctly in
spoken and written form
SUPER
FOUR TYPES OF PAST TENSE
VO with Text on Screen
The four types of past tense are-
 Simple Past or Past Indefinite Tense.
 Past Continuous Tense.
 Past Perfect Tense.
 Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
ANCHOR-3
. We can use several tenses to talk about the past, but
the simple past tense is the one we use most often. How
do we make the simple past tense? Let us have a look.
VO with Text on Screen
To make the past Indefinite tense, we use:
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• The Second form of the Verb,
Subject + V2+ object
Examples of Simple Past Tense
 He played cricket yesterday.
 The teacher punished the student.
 I wrote a letter.
ANCHOR-3: Negative form of Indefinite Past tense
can be
Text with VO
Negative sentences in indefinite past :-
 Subject + Did not + V1 + object
Examples:
She did not attend the class.
You did not help me.
ANCHOR-4
There can be many examples to make the structure of
indefinite past tense clear
 Raj learnt a new poem.
 Raj did not learn a new poem.
 Did Raj learn a new poem?
SUPER
How do we use the Simple Past Tense?
ANCHOR-5
We use the past Indefinite tense to talk about an action
or a situation - an event - in the past.
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TEXT on screen WITH VO.
The event can be short or long.
Here are some short events with the simple past tense:
The car exploded at 9.30am yesterday.
She went to the door.
We did not hear the telephone.
Did you see that car?
past present future
The action is in
the past.
Here are some long events with the simple past tense:
I lived in Bangkok for 10 years.
The Jurassic period lasted about 62 million years.
We did not sing at the concert.
Did you watch TV last night?
past present future
The action is in
the past.
Notice that it does not matter how long ago the event
is: it can be a few minutes or seconds in the past, or
millions of years in the past. Also it does not matter
how long the event is. It can be a few milliseconds
(car explosion) or millions of years (Jurassic period).
We use the simple past tense when:
• the event is in the past
• the event is completely finished
• we say (or understand) the time and/or place of
the event
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ANCHOR-6
You have seen that simple past tense is used for the
past actions. There are some specific cases also
where we use it. Now look at the screen.
VO with TEXT ON SCREEN
Some specific cases where simple past tense can
be used are:-
 To express an action completed in
the past with reference to the time of
speaking.
Eg. I met my teacher in the park yesterday.
We visited Jaipur, last year
 To express a regular or habitual
action in the past.
Eg. When he was in school,he always
stood first in the class.
I visited the temple every evening to
offer my prayers.
I lived in this house when I was young.
Ref. IMAGEII
ANCHOR 7
MM- 2(A colourful image can be given behind the
text. )
Note that when we tell a story, we usually use the simple
past tense. Look at this example of the beginning of a
story:
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"The wind was howling around the hotel and the rain was
pouring down. It was cold. The door opened and James
Bond entered. He took off his coat, which was very wet.
He sat down in the corner of the lounge and quietly drank
his orange juice.”
SUPER
Text with VO on screen.
The Image-III to be shown.
You can see the colourful picture of Raksha
bandhan festival. Tell the incident in past indefinite
tense
IMAGE III
.
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MM-3
Please show an animated clipping of any incident/
story/ event/ festival which you have ready with you.
The students will have to describe that clipping using
the tense. Kindly email me the clip so that I may write
the answer)
The Past Continuous Tense
ANCHOR-8
The past continuous tense is an important tense in
English. We use it to say what we were in the middle of
doing at a particular moment in the past.
SUPER
It is used
 To denote an action going on some
time in the past. The time of action
may or may not be indicated.
 For a persistant habit in the past.
How do we make the past continuous tense?
VO with Text on Screen
The structure of the past continuous tense is:
Subject + was/were + MV1 +ing :
I, he, she, it, singular noun- ‘was’
We,you, they, plural noun- ‘were’.
Eg. Tina was Playing.
We were climbing the hills.
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He was doing his work.
For negative sentences in the past continuous tense,
we insert ‘not’ between the helping verb and main
verb.
subject Auxiliary verb Main verb obje
+ I was watching TV.
+ You were working hard
- HE/She/it was not helping Mary
- We were not Joking.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject
and helping verb. Look at these example sentences
with the past continuous tense:
auxiliary subject Main Object
Verb
? Were You working Hard?
? Was He/she/it not helping Mary ?
⋅
ANCHOR:9
Now children, let us see how we can use Past continuous
Tense.
SUPER
How do we use the Past Continuous Tense?
Text on screen with VO.
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We use Past continuous tense
 To denote an action going on some time
in the past.
 Examples
°We were listening to the Radio.
o It was getting darker.
o I was watching TV when the
phone rang.
o The girl was riding a bicycle in
the morning.
o What were you doing in the
school on Sunday?
 This Tense is used with always,
continually etc.
Examples:
o He was always grumbling.
o She was continually teasinh her
sister.
o I was working hard last night.
o I was completing my home work
whole of yesterday afternoon.
o He was always disturbing me at
home.
o They were always asking for facvours.
o
ANCHOR-10
Please listen to these few opening lines of an
interesting story. Please note the tense usedWe often
use the past continuous tense to "set the scene" in
stories. We use it to describe the background situation at
the moment when the action begins. Often, the story
starts with the past continuous tense and then moves into
the simple past tense. Here is an example
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(Show with image,VO and text.)
“James Bond was driving through town. It was raining.
The wind was blowing hard. Nobody was walking in the
streets. Suddenly, Bond saw the killer in a telephone
booth.” IMAGE-IV.
SUPER
The Past Continuous Tense Quiz (Answer
to be flashed after 3 secs. Of the display of
the sentence.)
VO with Text on Screen
 My brother and sister _________ playing
tennis at 11am yesterday.
Ans. was
 ______________ you still working at 7pm
last night?
Ans. Were
 At 8.30am today I __________ driving to
work.
Ans. was
 We _______________ sleeping at 11pm.
Ans. Were/ Weren’t
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 Why __________ he having lunch at 4pm?
Ans. Was
ANCHOR-11
That was the end of our discussion on Past Continuous
Tense. We now move on to the Past Perfect Tense. The
past perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand
and to use. This tense talks about the "past in the past".
SUPER
How do we make the Past Perfect Tense
VO with Text on Screen
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
Subject + “had” + MV3
o This tense tells about an action
completed before a certain moment in
the past.
Eg
o .When I reached my parent’s place, my
sister had already left.
o When the teacher came,some students
had finished their work.
o I got my job in 1980, although I had
finished my studies a year ago.
o I met him in 1979,after I had met him five
years back.
For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we
insert ‘not’ between the helping verb and main verb. For
question sentences, we exchange the subject and
helping verb. Look at these example sentences with the
past perfect tense:
VO with Text on Screen
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• I had finished my work.
• You had not gone to school.
• Had you arrived?
• Had they finished their dinner?
subject helping verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they finished their dinner?
When speaking with the past perfect tense, we often
write the subject and auxiliary verb in the short form:
I had I'd
you had you'd
he had he'd
she had she'd
it had it'd
we had we'd
they had they'd
SUPER
How do we use the Past Perfect Tense?
VO with Text on Screen
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past
before another action in the past. This is the past in the
past. For example:
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• The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. When
we arrived, the train had left.
The train had left when we arrived.
past present future
Train left in past
at 9am.
9 9.15
We arrived in
past at 9.15am.
Look at some more examples:
• I wasn't hungry. I had just eaten.
• They were hungry. They had not eaten for five
hours.
• I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him
before.
• "Mary wasn't at home when I arrived."
"Really? Where had she gone?"
SUPER
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
SUPER
 How do we make the Past Perfect
Continuous Tense?
VO with text on Screen
The structure of the past perfect continuous tense is:
Subject + Had + been + main verb + ing +
object
For example-
o I had been avoiding my studies.
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o She had been meeting her friend.
o We had been visiting her at the hospital.
 For negative sentences in the past perfect
continuous tense, we insert ’ not’ after the
first helping verb.
 For question sentences, we exchange
the subject and first auxiliary verb.
 Look at these example sentences with the
past perfect continuous tense:
For example-
o I had been playing tennis.
o I had not been playing tennis.
o I had been working.
o I had not been working.
Subject Auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I Had been working.
+ You Had been playing te
- It Had not been working w
- We Had not been expecting h
? Had You been dancing?
? Had They been waiting lo
SUPER
CONTRACTIONS WITH THE PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
ANCHOR-12
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When speaking with the past perfect continuous tense,
we often contract the subject and first auxiliary verb:
VO with Text on Screen
‘I had been’ becomes ‘I’d been’
‘They had been’ becomes ‘they’d been’
I had been I'd been
you had been you'd been
he had he'd been
she had been she'd been
it had been it'd been
we had been we'd been
they had been they'd been
SUPER
How do we use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense?
ANCHOR-13
The past perfect continuous tense is like the past
perfect tense, but it expresses longer actions in the
past before another action in the past.
For example:
VO with Text on Screen
• Ram started waiting at 9am. I arrived at 11am.
When I arrived, Ram had been waiting for two
hours.
Ram had been waiting for two hours when I arrived.
past present future
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Ram starts
waiting in past at
9am.
9 11
I arrive in past at
11am.
ANCHOR-14
Here are some more examples:
VO with Text on screen.
• John was very tired. He had been running.
• I could smell cigarettes. Somebody had been
smoking.
• Suddenly, my car broke down. I was not surprised.
It had not been running well for a long time.
• Had the pilot been drinking before the crash?
ANCHOR-15
So friends that was the end of a long session on the’ Past
Tense’
. Lets quickly summarise everything we have learnt
today.
SUPER
Summary along with a diagram to make it simpler.
VO with the diagram , IMAGE-V ,and Text on screen.
MM - 4 —THE TEXT BOXES TO POP UP AND BLINK
ALONG WITH THE READING OF THE TEXT, ONE AT
A TIME.
IMAGE-V
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PAST INDEFINITE TENSE:
a.To express a single act of the
b.To express a habitual action i
past.c.As a substitute for the
Continuous Tense.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE:T
denote an action that was goin
SIMPLE PAST
on in the past.
TENSE
PAST PERFECT TENSE: To deno
an action which had bee
completed before another actio
in the past.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TEN
To denote some action which
been going on at or before some t
in the past
.
VO with Text on Screen
 Past tense is used to convey actions done in the
past.
 The four types of past tenses are
o Simple Past Tense
o Past Continuous Tense
o Past Perfect Tense
o Past Perfect Continuous Tense
ANCHOR-16
I hope you have enjoyed learning Past Tense today. See
you soon, with our next module on the Future Tense.
Have a good day!
This script has been reviewed by - -------------------------------
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Signature - ----------------------------------------------------
Date - ----------------------------------------------------
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