Organic Chemistry Visuals

1. Organic Chemistry
Basic Nomenclature and Structures

2. Hopefully this slideshow will help
O-chem students with some visuals
of structures.

3. Line Structure Abbreviation Structural formula Name Class of
compound
none
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H H
H
but-1-ene alkene
RH
CH
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
butane
alkane
none
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
(2E)-but-2-ene
alkene
none
C C C CH
H
H H
H
H
but-1-yne alkyne
CH
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H

4. none
C C C CH
H
H H
H
H
but-2-yne alkyne
OH
ROH
C C C C O
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
butan-1-ol
alcohol
OH
ROH
C C C
C
OH
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
butan-2-ol alcohol
Line Structure Abbreviation Structural formula Name Class of
compound

5. O
R(C=O)H
C C C C
O
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
butanal aldehyde
O
R(C=O)R’
C C C
C
O
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
butan-2-one Ketone
(with 2
different
alkyl groups)
NH2
RNH2
C C C C NH
H
H H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
butan-1-amine amine
NH2
RNH2
C C C
C
NH
H
H H
H
H
HH
H
H
H
butan-2-amine amine
Line Structure Abbreviation Structural formula Name Class of
compound

6. Cl
RX
C C C C Cl
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
1-chlorobutane Alkyl halide
Br
RX
C C C C
BrH
H
H
H
H
H H
H
H
2-bromobutane Alkyl halide
OH
O
RCO2H
RCOOH
R(C=O)OH
C C C
O
O
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H butanoic acid Carboxylic
acid
O
ROR’
C C C O
C
CH
H
H H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
butyl methyl
ether
Ether (with 2
different
alkyl groups)
Line Structure Abbreviation Structural formula Name Class of
compound

7. O
ROR
C
C
O
C
C
H
H
H
H
H H
H
H
H
H
diethyl ether Ether (with
one
type of
alkyl group)
Cl
O
R(C=O)X
C C C
Cl
O
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
butanoyl
chloride
Acyl halide
CH3
O
NH2
R(C=O)NH2
C C C C
O
N
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
butanamide Amide
Line Structure Abbreviation Structural formula Name Class of
compound

8. O
O
Na
R(C=O)OM
(M indicates
a metal)
C C C
O
O
C
Na
H
H
H
H
H
H
H sodium
butanoate
Carboxylate
salt
O
O O
R(C=O)O(C=O)R
C
C
O
O
C
O
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
acetic
anhydride
Anhydride
SH
RSH
C C C C SH
H
H H
H
H
H
H
H
H
butane-1-thiol Thio alcohol
mercaptan
S
S
RSSR
S
S C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
dimethyl
disulfide
Disulfide

9. Ar
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
benzene Aromatic
OH ArOH
PhOH
(Ph indicates
phenyl)
C
C
C
C
C
C
OH
H
H
H
H
H
phenol A phenol, an
aromatic
alcohol
O
OH
Ar(C=O)OH
ArCO2H
ArCOOH
Ph(C=O)OH
PhCO2H
PhCOOH
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
O
O
H
H
H
H
H
H
benzoic acid A benzoic acid
(an aromatic
carboxylic
acid)
NH2 ArNH2
PhNH2
C
C
C
C
C
C
N
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
aniline An aniline
(an aromatic
amine)

10. O Ar(C=O)H
Ph(C=O)H
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
O
H
H
H
H
H
H benzaldehyde A
benzaldehyde,
an aromatic
aldehyde
ArMe
PhMe
(Me indicates
methyl, -CH3)
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H methylbenzene A toluene, a
methyl-
benzene
Line Structure Abbreviation Structural formula Name Class of
compound