Annals of Depression and Anxiety is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality Manuscripts covering aspects of Anxiety and depression are two of the most common mental health concerns triggered by a variety of factors such as nutritional, psychological, physical, emotional, environmental, social, and spiritual factors, as well as genetic tendencies or brain disease. The journal focus upon the study of various emotions such as sad, anxious, empty, hopeless, worried, helpless, worthless, guilty, irritable, hurt and restlessness.

1. Depression

2. What is Depression?
Serious medical syndrome.
 Long lasting sadness, does not go away.
 Poor moods, unable to feel happy.
 Inappropriate communicating and relating
with society.
 Physical symptoms such as headaches and/or
body aches, constant pain.

3. Types of Depression
Clinical Depression (Major Depression)
Dysthymia ( Minor Depression)
Bipolar Disorder
Atypical Depression
Seasonal Depression
Psychotic Depression
Postnatal Depression

4. Clinical Depression
 Over two weeks of severe sadness,
and five other identified
symptoms .
 Intense and severe consequences
that disrupt one’s personal and
professional life .
 Positron Emission Tomography
(PET) Scan often used to see
shrinkage of the hippocampus and
frontal lobe
 Can occur and reoccur in episodes
throughout one’s life, but clinical
depression is more often an
ongoing syndrome in those
diagnosed.
(“Position Emission Tomography
Scan of the Brain for Depression”)

5. Minor Depression Often referred to as Dysthymia
 Symptoms are same as major depression, and
occur for at least two years but at a lower level
and do not completely disrupt one’s life.
 Chances likely to develop major depression if
symptoms go untreated.
 Physical shrinkage of the brain less obvious,
unless it develops into major depression.

6. Bipolar Depression
 Two-sided infection of highs and
lows.
 High Stage-Individual has lots of
liveliness, mind races, unable to
deliver clear and complete feelings.
 Low Stage-Depressed state, generally
identified as Major Depression.
 Person can have continuing or rapid
in between these stages.

7. Symptoms of Depression
 Feeling gloomy, lonely, panicky for a long time.
 Feeling hopeless, helpless, pessimistic.
 Troubles in sleeping, waking early in the dawn and unable sleep.
 Loss of interest and enthusiasm in doing activities.
 Feeling insignificant, culpable, besieged, insufficient.
 Feeling weary, indolent, no energy or zest.
 Unable to remember the situations and things.
 Ambivalence, can’t make decisions.
 No desire for food with weight loss or overeating with weight gain
 Agitation, tetchiness, physical restlessness.
 Loss of attention or pleasure in sex.
 Persistent thoughts of death or suicide
 Physical symptoms (such as headaches, stomach distress, chest pain, chronic pain)
that even stay irrespective of treatment.

8. Diagnosing Depression
 Doctor must analyze depression by in depth
with patient about medical history, what might
have triggered the depression, and family
medical history to see if depression might be
present in other family members.
 (Chakraburtty, “Depression in Children”).
 A physical and mental health evaluation.

9. Serotonin
 Serotonin is a chemical neurotransmitter
that transmits signals in the brain .
 Imbalance in Serotonin can influence
mood and emotions .
 Doctors have placed a great emphasis
on researching Serotonin and its
relationship to Depression.
 Problems in the brain with low levels of
Serotonin: the brain being unable to
receive Serotonin and/or an overall
shortage of Serotonin in the brain are
being linked to Depression and it’s
symptoms

10. Measuring depression 0 = Not at all
1 = Just a little
2 = Somewhat
3 = Moderately
4 = Quite a lot
5 = Very much
 1. I do things slowly..............................................0 1 2 3 4 5
 2. My future seems hopeless...............................0 1 2 3 4 5
 3. It is hard for me to concentrate on reading.....0 1 2 3 4 5
 4. The pleasure and joy has gone out of my life..0 1 2 3 4 5
 5. I have difficulty making decisions...................,0 1 2 3 4 5
 6. I have lost interest in aspects of life that
used to be important to me...................................0 1 2 3 4 5
 7. I feel sad, blue, and unhappy............................0 1 2 3 4 5
 8. I am agitated and keep moving around............0 1 2 3 4 5
 9. I feel fatigued.....................................................0 1 2 3 4 5
 10. It takes great effort for me to do simple
things......................................................................0 1 2 3 4 5

11. Treatment
 Medical treatments such as Prozac, Zoloft,
Celexa, and Paxil are the most common and
named as “Selective Serotonin Reuptake
Inhibitors” (SSRIs).
 These treatments increase production of
Serotonin and help to block the breakdown of
Serotonin to promote the “lifespan” of the
molecule.
 SSRI in combination with therapy often have
good affects on patients.