Question 1 Which of the following is true about the Inuit? a. the aboriginal population was around 500,000 b. they speak several different languages c. they left artifacts 10,000 years ago d. all of the above e. none of the above Question 2 Inuit whale hunters: a. hunted from kayaks b. kept a great distance from whales, only shooting when the wind would carry the harpoon c. ate what they could on the spot and threw the rest of the whale away d. all of the above e. none of the above Question 3 In the Inuit world people who were treated like “us” or kin included: a. blood relatives on father’s and mother’s side b. trading or hunting partners c. anyone who spoke an Inuit language d. all of the above e. a and b above Question 4 An Inuit man and wife could build a family sized igloo nine to fifteen feet in diameter in approximately: a. 3 days b. 2 days c. 6 hours d. an hour or so e. it couldn’t be done Question 5 The Inuit religion included: a. a belief in the relationship between people and animals b. a belief that a person’s soul could get displaced c. the reality of demons or evil spirits d. all of these e. a and c above Question 6 Which of the following is true about Eskimo shamans? a. they could only mend broken bones, not broken hearts b. they didn’t allow audiences while practicing c. women were barred from shamanic activity d. all of the above e. none of the above Question 7 The Subarctic culture area: a. is completely covered in permafrost or tundra b. the only vegetation consists of lichens and mosses c. people subsist on fishing, gathering berries, and trapping rodents d. all of the above e. none of the above Question 8 After contact with Europeans, life in the Subarctic changed significantly because of: a. the fur trade b. European genocide c. the spread of communicable diseases d. inter-tribal warfare e. none of the above Question 9 Subarctic groups are primarily: a. hunters and gatherers b. hunters and fishers c. gatherers and gardeners d. sea mammal hunters e. sedentary farmers Question 10 The Cree, Northern Ojibwa, and Saulteaux tribal people lived year round in: a. animal hide tipis b. birch-bark covered wigwams c. earth and stone houses d. caves and mud-huts e. dwellings varied according to seasons Question 11 Early 18th century saw significant change in the social and economic life of the Plateau groups because of: a. dramatic climate changes b. the introduction of the horse c. the discovery of gold d. the 1705 smallpox epidemic e. all of the above Question 12 The Plateau culture area was: a. culturally a transition zone b. characterized by permanent winter villages and roving for wild foods and fish in the summer c. religious where spirit helpers or guardian spirits acquired through a vision quest were important d. all of the above e. none of the above Question 13 A principal economic activity ...

1. Question 1
Which of the following is true about the Inuit?
a. the aboriginal population was around 500,000
b. they speak several different languages
c. they left artifacts 10,000 years ago
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Question 2
Inuit whale hunters:
a. hunted from kayaks
b. kept a great distance from whales, only shooting when the
wind would carry the harpoon
c. ate what they could on the spot and threw the rest of the
whale away
d. all of the above

2. e. none of the above
Question 3
In the Inuit world people who were treated like “us” or kin
included:
a. blood relatives on father’s and mother’s side
b. trading or hunting partners
c. anyone who spoke an Inuit language
d. all of the above
e. a and b above
Question 4
An Inuit man and wife could build a family sized igloo nine to
fifteen feet in diameter in approximately:
a. 3 days
b. 2 days
c. 6 hours

3. d. an hour or so
e. it couldn’t be done
Question 5
The Inuit religion included:
a. a belief in the relationship between people and animals
b. a belief that a person’s soul could get displaced
c. the reality of demons or evil spirits
d. all of these
e. a and c above
Question 6
Which of the following is true about Eskimo shamans?
a. they could only mend broken bones, not broken hearts
b. they didn’t allow audiences while practicing
c. women were barred from shamanic activity

4. d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Question 7
The Subarctic culture area:
a. is completely covered in permafrost or tundra
b. the only vegetation consists of lichens and mosses
c. people subsist on fishing, gathering berries, and trapping
rodents
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Question 8
After contact with Europeans, life in the Subarctic changed
significantly because of:
a. the fur trade
b. European genocide

5. c. the spread of communicable diseases
d. inter-tribal warfare
e. none of the above
Question 9
Subarctic groups are primarily:
a. hunters and gatherers
b. hunters and fishers
c. gatherers and gardeners
d. sea mammal hunters
e. sedentary farmers
Question 10
The Cree, Northern Ojibwa, and Saulteaux tribal people lived
year round in:
a. animal hide tipis

6. b. birch-bark covered wigwams
c. earth and stone houses
d. caves and mud-huts
e. dwellings varied according to seasons
Question 11
Early 18th century saw significant change in the social and
economic life of the Plateau groups because of:
a. dramatic climate changes
b. the introduction of the horse
c. the discovery of gold
d. the 1705 smallpox epidemic
e. all of the above
Question 12
The Plateau culture area was:
a. culturally a transition zone

7. b. characterized by permanent winter villages and roving for
wild foods and fish in the summer
c. religious where spirit helpers or guardian spirits acquired
through a vision quest were important
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Question 13
A principal economic activity among people of the plateau was:
a. moose and caribou hunting
b. salmon fishing
c. bison hunting
d. all of these
e. none of these
Question 14
The basic tree used by Northwest Coast Indians for building
was:

8. a. balsam
b. pine
c. redwood
d. cedar
e. white oak
Question 15
Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast practiced the
potlatch ceremony to:
a. confirm social position
b. redistribute wealth to the community
c. give food and goods to the poor
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

9. Question 16
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934:
a. gave reservation Indians the right to establish tribal
governments
b. discontinued allotments, thereby making it impossible for
outsiders to buy reservation land
c. made loan money available so tribal councils could improve
reservation conditions
d. all of these
e. none of these
Question 17
The message of the Ghost Dance from Wovoka, the Paiute
prophet, was:
a. go back to the old customs and the Europeans would depart
b. the dead ancestors of the Indians were coming back
c. use guns and alcohol to vent emotions
d. all of these

10. e. a and b
Question 18
Which of the following is true about gambling on Indian
reservations?
a. only a handful of reservations have tried it
b. it was a disaster among the Florida Seminole
c. state governments have a lot of control over it
d. all of these
e. none of these
Question 19
Common to California tribes was:
a. living in towns near streams
b. women farming, men clearing fields and hunting bison
c. warfare was for prestige and taking of scalps

11. d. all of these
e. none of these
Question 20
Indians of the Northwest Coastal area lived in:
a. hogans
b. plank houses
c. tipis
d. wattle and daub houses
e. longhouses
Question 21
Which of the following was true about the Sun Dance?
a. it was a private ceremony for one or two families
b. it took place in summer or early autumn
c. it was an easy form of recreation for participants

12. d. all of these
e. none of these
Question 22
In addition to food, which of the following did buffalo (bison)
provide for the Plains Indians?
a. robes, shields, and containers
b. scrapers, axes, and awls
c. sinew for sewing and bowstrings
d. all of the above
e. None of the above
Question 23
The Maidu, Mattale, Miwok, Modoc, Monache, Nogatl, and
Northern Paiute are all principal tribes of which culture area?
a. Northwest Coast
b. California

13. c. Columbia Plateau
d. Pacific Coast
e. Great Basin
Question 24
As Euroamericans began settling into California, subsistence
patterns began to change rapidly, and by the beginning of the
twentieth century many tribal groups had disappeared as the
result of:
a. Starvation
b. Disease
c. Genocide
d. All of these
e. None of these
Question 25
Northwest Coast tribes have been able to thrive in their
geographic areas with fewer governmental restrictions, unlike
tribes of the Southeast or Great Plains, because they:

14. a. reside in more than just one country and have not been
dominated by the U.S. government
b. area economically and politically superior to the white
population of the area
c. they have stronger treaties than other tribal groups
d. they control all natural resources in the region
e. none of the above
Question 26
The Indian New Deal refers to:
a. John Collier's innovative years as director of the U.S. Bureau
of Indian Affairs
b. A time period that witnessed the passing of the Johnson-
O’Malley Act
c. The passing of the Wheeler-Howard Act and other
progressive Indian policies
d. All of these

15. e. None of these
Question 27
The birth of the “urban Indian” was the result of:
a. The Dawes Severalty Act or the General Allotment Act
b. The Indian Reorganization Act (IRA)
c. The establishment of casinos on Indian reservations
d. The Termination and Relocation policies of the early 1950s
e. The death of Geronimo and Sitting Bull
Question 28
The U.S. president most responsible for opening the door to
Indian Self-Determination was:
a. Dwight D. Eisenhower
b. John F. Kennedy
c. Richard M. Nixon
d. Jimmy Carter

16. e. Ronald Reagan
Question 29
According to Comanche educator, Dr. Cornel Pewewardy, "Real
Indians" are:
a. a figment of the mono-cultural American psyche
b. those Indians that originated from the country of India
c. America’s indigenous inhabitants from a European
perspective
d. All of these
e. None of these
Question 30
Which of the following is true about Indians and European
diseases?
a. disease killed more Indians than white man's bullets
b. estimates claim as much as 90 percent in some tribes died
from disease

17. c. most indigenous people of the Americas died from measles
d. a and b above
e. all of the above
Question 31
Most tribes strongly, yet unsuccessfully, resisted European
domination. However, some tribes were able to adapt by:
a. Adopting the “Whiteman’s” language and culture
(assimilation)
b. They made changes in material culture brought about by trade
with Europeans
c. Adopting European technologies such as the addition of the
horse
d. Many tried to co-exist with the Europeans and retain some of
their indigenous culture
e. All of the above
Question 32
Although the specifics varied according to time and place, one
group after another endured which of the following?

18. a. successive waves of epidemic disease
b. inter-tribal and European warfare
c. rapid environmental change
d. outside pressure for cultural change, land loss, and
sometimes enslavement and servitude
e. All of the above
Question 33
Why were some Indian tribes terminated while the status of
others remained unchanged during the era known as
Termination and Relocation?
a. The U.S. government and private industry wanted to acquire
tribal resources from terminated tribes.
b. Some reservations were too remote and it was too costly to
relocate tribal members.
c. Most tribes marked for termination were populated with sick
and disabled people.
d. The Federal Government was met by strong and determined
resistance by heavily armed tribes.

19. e. Some reservations operated their own well managed and
successful businesses.
Question 34
When gold was found in California:
a. many Indians became rich.
b. many Indians started selling their land to white settlers.
c. many Indians were forced out of their land.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Question 35
At the beginning of the 20th century the American government
a. started putting Indians in special reservations
b. started bringing Indians to cities
c. started moving Indians to California
d. began a campaign of genocide against California tribes

20. e. made all Indians tribes American citizens
Question 36
In most Native nations of California, the populace was
differentiated into three groups: elites, commoners, and poor
people. In some groups there was a fourth class that consisted
of:
a. vagabonds or slaves.
b. adopted non-Natives or whites.
c. prostitutes and beggars.
d. mentally ill or elderly.
e. all of the above
Question 37
The religious system known as Kuksu was practiced in central
and northcentral California by the:
a. Pomo and Patwin
b. Miwok and Maidu

21. c. Yuki
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Question 38
The people of the Pacific Northwest traveled in canoes to:
a. net salmon.
b. harpoon whales.
c. gather clams.
d. spearfish
e. all of the above
Question 39
The tribes of the Northwest Coast created an important cultural
symbol that was almost as important as any of their basic needs.
The symbol was referred to as the:
a. longboat
b. potlatch

22. c. totem pole
d. whale harpoon
e. clan crest
Question 40
The Indian people of the Northwest Coast and the European
travelers to this region quickly discovered this common ground:
a. they were savage hunters and warriors.
b. they lived communally.
c. they both came from materially acquisitive, trade-oriented
cultures.
d. they depended on buffalo, bear, and deer for meat, their
staple food.
e. all of the above
Question 41
Winter lodges of early Columbia Plateau Indians could best be
described as:

23. a. Long underground pits covered with tule mats
b. Rectangular-shaped pole frames with tule mats
c. Conical-shaped pole frames with tule mats
d. Both b and c
e. Wigwams
Question 42
A majority of early Indians in the Columbia Plateau region
spoke dialects of the:
a. Salishan language family
b. Uto-Aztecan language family
c. Sahaptin language family
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

24. Question 43
Subarctic groups are primarily hunters and fishers, and they are
also economically dependent on:
a. bear grass basket making.
b. whaling and whale oil production.
c. the international slave trade.
d. foraging for roots and berries.
e. the lucrative fur trade.
Question 44
Arctic people include the Inuit and the Aleut (of the Aleutian
Islands). However,
a. there are no “tribes” within the Inuit-Aleut family.
b. most arctic tribal groups live in Greenland.
c. Arctic tribes speak several linguistic variations of Algonquin.
d. Inuit tribes dwell exclusively in igloos and live long and
healthy lives.

25. e. none of the above
Question 45
One of the most significant U.S. Federal policy decisions of the
twentieth century was:
a. the Indian Removal Act
b. the Indian General Allotment Act
c. the Canadian Indian Act
d. the Indian Reorganization Act
e. Fort Laramie Treaty
Question 46
Subsequent to the Allotment and Assimilation Era (1887-1943),
Federal Indian Policy turned toward a new policy initiative
designed to completely assimilate Native Americans by
integrating the Indian population with mainstream America.
This new policy initiative refers to:
a. Termination and Relocation
b. Establishment of Indian Boarding Schools

26. c. the creation of the National Congress of American Indians
d. Establishment of the National Indian Gaming Commission
(NIGC)
e. creation of the Indian Claims Commission (ICC)
Question 47
European assumptions about their right to claim the lands and
resources of peoples in the Americas (and elsewhere) were
based on what has come to be called the:
a. Pax Americana
b. Manifest Destiny
c. Eminent Domain
d. Tierra del Europa
e. Doctrine of Discovery
Question 48
The first successful European colony in Northeast America was
founded by the:
a. French settlers in Nova Scotia

27. b. English settlers at Jamestown, Virginia
c. Dutch missionaries in Manhattan, New York
d. English Puritans at Plymouth, Massachusetts
e. Spanish at Cape Fear, North Carolina
Question 49
Native leaders acceded to government demands that they cede
much of their land and settle on reservations because they
hoped:
a. to finally partake of the “American Dream”
b. that some measure of peace and security would result
c. to build up their populations and continue their struggles
against the Whiteman
d. that Euro-Americans would finally cease in their acquisition
of indigenous lands
e. that reservation life would be much better than life on the
Great Plains
Question 50

28. Mohawk settlements were unique in that they erected palisades
that surrounded groupings of:
a. pit houses
b. wigwams
c. birch bark wickiups
d. longhouses
e. buffalo hide tipis