4. Social scientists are concerned about ethics:
Expansion in scope of issues investigated
Penetration of research methods and analysis
Many professional associations adopt ethical
codes covering their particular discipline
What ethical guidelines do political scientists
and sociologists follow?
5. INSTRUCTIONS:
Groups need to have ONE student from each discipline.
Review the ASA and APSA Guidelines on ethical behavior.
What similarities exist between political scientists and
sociologists regarding ethics in research? Any differences?
6.
7. Rules, Guidelines, and Norms
Application to Society and Individual
Acting Unethically = Acting Unprofessionally
8. POLITICAL SCIENCE
Responsibities in the
Classroom and to Students
Ethics in the Publication
Process
Ethics inTenure and
Promotion
SOCIOLOGY
Professional Competence
Integrity
Professional and Scientific
Responsibility
Respect for People’s Rights,
Dignity, and Diversity
Social Responsibility
14. Commissioned in 1979 afterTuskegee Study
Three Basic Principles:
(1) Respect to Persons
(2) Beneficence
(3) Justice
Used by Institutional Review Board (IRB)
22. Social scientists face conflict via two rights:
Rights of scientist to conduct research and make
contribution to knowledge
Rights of research participants to self-determination,
privacy, and dignity
Researchers must weigh:
Potential benefits or contributions of a project
Cost to participants
23.
24. Essential whenever participants are exposed
to substantial risks or are asked to forfeit
personal rights
U.S. Health and Human Services Department
Informed consent does NOT preclude
researcher from conducting study with risk
Participants must simply be told of risks involved
25. Derives from cultural values and legal
considerations
Central belief that people should be free to
determine their own behavior because
freedom is cherished value
Asking individuals whether they wish to
participate in research project reflects
respect for right of self-determination
27. Underlying principle of informed consent
Implies any decision made by responsible and
mature individual who has been given the
relevant information will be the correct decision
What’s the problem with this?
Groups of people who are generally incapable
include those with diminished mental capacity,
young children, etc.
What happens in these cases?
28. Ethical guidelines ensure that participants
have the freedom whether to take part in a
given research study
What is the Nuremburg Code?
29. To be acceptable, consent must be voluntary
and informed
Often impossible to obtain fully informed
consent
Why might this be?
Reasonably Informed Consent
30. Confidence that participant has provided
knowing consent when research has some
level of risk associated with it
31.
32. (1) Sensitivity of Information
(2) Setting in Which Observations Are Made
Examples: Survey Research; TearoomTrade
(3) Dissemination of Information
Ability to match information with participants
Privacy concerns increase with numbers
33. Achieved by separating identity of
individuals from their given information
Researchers can additionally maintain
anonymity by separating identifying
information from data itself
Can also forbid duplicating records, using
passwords to control access to data,
and monitoring of file use
34. (1) Deletion of Identifiers
Name,Address, Social Security Number
(2) Crude Report Categories
County-Level Data,Year of Birth, Profession
(3) Microaggregation
Constructing “average people;” composites
(4) Error Inoculation
Deliberate errors in individual-level data