Pol 140 political_parties

1. POL 140
Fall 2014

5. “A body of men united,
for promoting by their
joint endeavors the
national interest, upon
some particular
principle in which they
are all agreed”
Edmund Burke

6. Sen. Joe Manchin
(D-WV)
Sen. Arlen Specter
(D-PA)
Sen. Jim Jeffords
(I-VT)

7.  Inter and Intra-Party Variation
 Political Party vs. Political Ideology
 Conservative Democrats, Liberal Republicans
 Politicians’ Choices
▪ Vote or caucus with another party
▪ Defect party and join another

8.  A broad coalition of individuals who:
 (1) Recruit, nominate, and elect candidates for office
 (2) Under a given label
 (3) To control the government
 (4) In accordance with their ideas and policies.

10. V.O Key, Jr.

12.  Party-in-the-Electorate
 Loyalty and Identification with Party
 Party Identification (“PID”)
 What happens if someone has different views?
▪ Likert Scale
Strong
Lib
Weak
Lib
Lean
Lib
Mod
Lean
Cons
Weak
Cons
Strong
Cons

13.  Party Organization
 Party Officials, Committees, Volunteers, Staff
 Functions of Party Organizations
 Party-in-Government
 Officeholders and Candidates
 Examples: President, Speaker of House

15.  Intermediary Between Citizens and Govt.
 Bring Public Together; Define and Accomplish Objectives
 Cooperation with Others (e.g. interest groups, media)
 Nominate Candidates for Office
 Contest Elections
 Mobilize Electorate; Encourage Voting
 Engage Supporters, Persuade Undecided,
Minimize Opposition

17.  Organize Government
 Provide Accountability
 Government Responsibility
 Importance of PID
 Manage Conflict
 Reconciling Group Demands

19.  Regional support for parties change
 Social groups supporting parties change
 New groups of citizens are mobilized
 Voters change which party they vote for, but
also party they identify with
 Realignments typically caused by new issues
that divide citizens

23. FEDERALISTS
(HAMILTON)
 Elite in society
(wealthy, “white-collar,”
and educated)
 Pro-British
 Strong national
government
 Supported business
DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS
(JEFFERSON)
 Less elite (poorer, “blue-collar”,
less educated)
 Pro-French
 States’ rights
 Supported agriculture

25.  Presidential electors now popularly elected
 Property qualifications for voting dropped
 Voter turnout increased dramatically
 “King Caucus” replaced by nominating
conventions

26. The Whigs formed in opposition to
Jackson’s presidency and policies.

27. Racial issues
and sectional
strife in the
1850s divided
America.
This resulted in the Third Party System—
and the birth of the Republican Party

29. The Republicans began as an anti-slavery
party against the pro-slavery Democrats.

30. Rise of Political
Machines, including
Tweed’s Tammany Hall.
The
Australian
or Secret
Ballot was
adopted to
counteract
party
machines.

32. Standard Oil
Company,
John D.
Rockefeller

33.  Death of Populist Movement
 Beginning of Republican Dominance
From L to R:
GOP
Presidents
Harding,
Coolidge,
and Hoover.

35. FDR’s victory over Hoover led to the “New Deal,”
which included social programs expanded by JFK and LBJ.

37.  Changes Regarding Ideology and Party ID
 African-Americans: Republican  Democrat
 White Southerners: Democrat  Republican
 Rise of candidate-centered system
 Rise of Third-Party Candidates
 Defined by intense partisanship and gridlock

40. THEODORE ROOSEVELT WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT

43. Harry S. Truman
1948 Democratic
National Convention

48. Gov. George Wallace (AL)

57. MAURICE DUVERGER DUVERGER’S LAW
 Example: Three Candidates
in Election with 100 voters
 Candidate A received 49%
of vote (49 people)
 Candidate B receives 26%
of vote (26 people)
 Candidate C receives 25% of
vote (25 people)

60. Rick Perry Mitt Romney