Dr. Darren Mollot
September 2013
Clean Coal – CCS RD&D Overview
Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary
Office of Clean Coal

2
Office of Fossil Energy
Office of Clean Coal Vision & Mission
A SECURE, RELIABLE AND
AFFORDABLE ENERGY FUTURE WITH
THE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND USE
OF COAL AND FOSSIL FUELS
VISION
SUPPORT THE
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT &
DEMONSTRATION OF ADVANCED
TECHNOLOGIES TO ENSURE THE
AVAILABILITY OF CLEAN, AFFORDABLE
ENERGY FROM COAL AND FOSSIL
RESOURCES
MISSION

3
Office of Fossil Energy
Office of Clean Coal - Goals
GOALS
GOAL 1: DEMONSTRATE NEAR-ZERO EMISSION FOSSIL-BASED TECHNOLOGIES
GOAL 2: ACCEPTANCE BY INDUSTRY, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, REGULATORS AND THE PUBLIC THAT
CO2 CAN BE SAFELY INJECTED, MONITORED AND PERMANENTLY STORED IN A VARIETY OF
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS
GOAL 3: CONDUCT HIGH-RISK, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ADVANCED COAL AND FOSSIL
TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDING CO2 CAPTURE AND NOVEL HIGH EFFICIENCY CYCLES
GOAL 4: DRIVE INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION TO ENSURE WIDE-SPREAD ACCEPTANCE AND
DEPLOYMENT OF CCS TECHNOLOGIES
GOAL 5: SUPPORT POLICY, LEGISLATION, AND REGULATION IMPACTING FOSSIL ENERGY BY PROVIDE
DATA AND EXPERTISE

4
What Role Will Fossil Play

5
World Coal Production
China – U.S.A – India – Australia - Indonesia
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
BillionShortTons
World Coal Production
China U.S.A India Australia Indonesia World
Data from U.S. Energy Information Administration

6
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2010 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
MillionShortTons
World Coal Consumption
India United States China World total
Data from U.S. Energy Information Administration
World Coal Consumption
China – India – United States

7
U.S. Electricity Generation
Historical Perspective
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
BillionkWh
U.S. Electricity Generation
Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Nuclear Renwables Total
Data from U.S. Energy Information Administration

8
U.S. Electricity Generation
Future Projections
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
BillionkWh
Electricity Generation
Coal Natural Gas Total U.S. Generation Petroleum Nuclear Renewables
Data from U.S. Energy Information Administration - 2013

9
Meeting global climate mitigation targets will likely require CCS
IEA’s Energy Technology Perspectives:
GigatonsofCO2
Source: International Energy Agency

10
Opportunities for Large Scale Projects

11
Advanced Combustion
CO2 StorageAdvanced CO2 Capture and
Compression
 Solvents
 Sorbents
 Membranes
 Hybrid
 Process
Intensification
 Cryogenic Capture
 Pressurized
 O2 membrane
 Chemical looping
 USC Materials
 Carbon Utilization (EOR)
 Infrastructure (RCSPs)
 Geological Storage
 Monitoring, Verification
and Accounting
 Gasification
 Turbines
 Supercritical CO2
 Direct Power Extraction
Integrated Fossil Energy Solutions
Efficiencies > 45%
i Capital Cost by 50%
$40 - $10/tonne CO2 Captured
Near-zero GHGs
Near-zero criteria pollutants
Near-zero water usage
Advanced Energy
Systems
5 MWE Oxycombustion Pilot Advanced Turbines

12
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
PowerGenerationPenalty[%ofPlantOutput]
Capture Technology Progress
Performance Drives Cost
Then
(1997)
Now
(2013)
Future
(2020)
~ $150/Tonne
~ $60/Tonne
< $40/Tonne
Energy Penalty Reductions
Enable Cost Reductions

13
Creating a Bridge to Affordable CCS Technology

14
MAJOR DEMONSTRATIONS

15
Major CCS Demonstration Projects
Project Locations & Cost Share
CCPI
ICCS Area 1
FutureGen 2.0
Southern Company
Kemper County IGCC Project
Transport Gasifier w/ Carbon Capture
~$2.01B – Total, $270M – -DOE
EOR – ~3.0 MM TPY 2014 start
NRG
W.A. Parish Generating Station
Post Combustion CO2 Capture
$775 M – Total
$167M – DOE
EOR – ~1.4 MM TPY 2016 start
Summit TX Clean Energy
Commercial Demo of Advanced
IGCC w/ Full Carbon Capture
~$1.7B – Total, $450M – DOE
EOR – ~2.2 MMTPY 2017 start
HECA
Commercial Demo of Advanced
IGCC w/ Full Carbon Capture
~$4B – Total, $408M – DOE
EOR – ~2.6 MM TPY 2019 start
Leucadia Energy
CO2 Capture from Methanol Plant
EOR in Eastern TX Oilfields
$436M - Total, $261M – DOE
EOR – ~4.5 MM TPY 2017 start
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
CO2 Capture from Steam Methane Reformers
EOR in Eastern TX Oilfields
$431M – Total, $284M – DOE
EOR – ~0.93 MM TPY 2012 start
FutureGen 2.0
Large-scale Testing of Oxy-Combustion w/ CO2 Capture
and Sequestration in Saline Formation
Project: ~$1.77B – Total; ~$1.05B – DOE
SALINE – 1 MM TPY 2017 start
Archer Daniels Midland
CO2 Capture from Ethanol Plant
CO2 Stored in Saline Reservoir
$208M – Total, $141M – DOE
SALINE – ~0.9 MM TPY 2014 start

16
• 8 active projects
• 1 in operation, 2 under construction, 5 in
engineering/finance
• 5 electricity generation, 3 industrial
• 3 IGCC, 4 post-processing, 1 oxycombustion
• Feedstock: 4 coal, 1 petroleum coke,
1 coal/coke, 1 natural gas, 1 ethanol
• 2 polygeneration
• Storage: 6 EOR, 2 saline formations
Major CCS Demonstration Projects

17
• 8 active projects
• 1 in operation, 2 under construction, 5 in
engineering/finance
• 5 electricity generation, 3 industrial
• 3 IGCC, 4 post-processing, 1 oxycombustion
• Feedstock: 4 coal, 1 petroleum coke,
1 coal/coke, 1 natural gas, 1 ethanol
• 2 polygeneration
• Storage: 6 EOR, 2 saline formations
Major CCS Demonstration Projects

18
Projects
CCPI
ICCS Area 1
FutureGen 2.0
Major CCS Demonstration Projects
Project Locations & Cost Share
Southern Company
Kemper County IGCC Project
IGCC-Transport Gasifier
w/Carbon Capture
~$2.0B – Total CCPI project
$270M – DOE
EOR – ~3M MTPY 2014 start
NRG
W.A. Parish Generating Station
Post Combustion CO2 Capture
$775 M (est.) – Total
$167M – DOE
EOR – ~1.4M MTPY 2016 start
Summit TX Clean Energy
Commercial Demo of Advanced
IGCC w/ Full Carbon Capture
~$1.7B – Total
$450M – DOE
EOR – ~2.2M MTPY 2017 start
HECA
Commercial Demo of Advanced
IGCC w/ Full Carbon Capture
~$4B – Total, $408M – DOE
EOR – ~2.6M MTPY 2019 start
Leucadia Energy
CO2 Capture from Methanol/H2 Plant
EOR in TX & LA Oilfields
$436M - Total, $261M – DOE
EOR – ~4.5M MTPY 2017 start
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
CO2 Capture from Steam Methane Reformers
EOR in Eastern TX Oilfields
$431M – Total, $284M – DOE
EOR – ~0.93M MTPY 2012 start
FutureGen 2.0
Large-scale Testing of Oxy-Combustion w/ CO2 Capture
and Sequestration in Saline Formation
Project: ~$1.77B – Total; ~$1.05B – DOE
SALINE – 1M MTPY 2017 start
Archer Daniels Midland
CO2 Capture from Ethanol Plant
CO2 Stored in Saline Reservoir
$208M – Total, $141M – DOE
SALINE – ~0.9M MTPY 2014 start

19
Southern Company Services, Inc. CCPI-2
Advanced IGCC with CO2 Capture
Status
 Plant construction >60% complete; >5,400
construction personnel on site
 CO2 off-take agreements signed
 Lignite mine under development
 Subsystems (water treatment, cooling towers) to
begin pre-commissioning
 Combustion turbine startup: Sep 2013
 Gasifier heat-up: Dec 2013
Key Dates
 Project Awarded: Jan 30, 2006
 Project moved to MS: Dec 5, 2008
 NEPA Record of Decision: Aug 19, 2010
 Initiate excavation work: Sep 27, 2010
 Operations: May 2014
• Kemper County, MS
• 582 MWe (net) with duct firing; 2 TRIGTM
gasifiers, 2 Siemens combustion turbines, 1
Toshiba steam turbine
• Fuel: Mississippi lignite
• 67+% CO2 capture (Selexol® process);
3,000,000 tons CO2/year
• EOR: Denbury Onshore LLC, Treetop Midstream
Services LLC

20
Lessons Learned

21
BIG SKY
WESTCARB
SWP
PCOR
MGSC
SECARB
MRCSP
Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships
Developing the Infrastructure for Wide Scale Deployment
Seven Regional Partnerships
400+ distinct organizations, 43 states, 4 Canadian Provinces
• Engage regional, state, and local governments
• Determine regional sequestration benefits
• Baseline region for sources and sinks
• Establish monitoring and verification protocols
• Address regulatory, environmental, and outreach issues
• Validate sequestration technology and infrastructure
Development Phase (2008-2018+)
9 large scale
injections (over 1
million tons each)
Commercial scale
understanding
Regulatory, liability,
ownership issues
Validation Phase (2005-2011)
20 injection tests in saline formations, depleted oil, unmineable
coal seams, and basalt
Characterization Phase (2003-2005)
Search of potential storage
locations and CO2 sources
Found potential for 100’s of
years of storage

22
Large-Scale CO2 Storage Tests
• 8 large scale tests ongoing/planned for 6 of 7 Regional Partnerships
• Tests based on strong core R&D program and 20 smaller field tests.
• Injection schedule: 3 currently injecting, 3 starting 2013, 2 during
2014-2015
• Storage: 5 EOR, 3 saline formations
• 7 of the 8 will inject between 1 – 2.9 million tonnes CO2
• CO2 sources: NG processing plants, coal power plants, ethanol
production plant, natural CO2 source
• All tests have extensive MVA
• Results will inform Best Practice Manuals

23
8
7
3
1
2
4
6
5
9
RCSP Geologic Province
Injection Volume
(metric tons)
BIG SKY
Kevin Dome-
Duperow Formation
TBD
MGSC
Illinois Basin-
Mt. Simon Sandstone
>380,000
MRCSP
Michigan Basin-
Niagaran Reef
March 2013
PCOR
Powder River Basin-
Muddy Sandstone
April 2013
Horn River Basin-
Carbonates
TBD
SECARB
Gulf Coast -
Tuscaloosa Formation
>3,000,000
Gulf Coast –
Paluxy Formation
>30,000
SWP
Anadarko Basin-
Morrow Sandstone
Sept 2013
WESTCARB Regional Characterization
Injection Ongoing
2013 Injection Scheduled
Injection Scheduled 2014-2015
1
2
3
4
7
8
6
9
5
 Three projects currently injecting CO2
 Three Additional Scheduled for 2013
 Remaining injections scheduled 2014-2015
Injection Began
Nov 2011
Injection Began
April 2009
Core Sampling Taken
Note: Some locations presented on map may
differ from final injection location
Injection Began
August 2012
RCSP Phase III: Development Phase
Large-Scale Geologic Tests
Injection began
February 2013
Injection began
June 2013Seismic Survey Completed

24
Best Practices Manual
Version 1
(Phase II)
Version 2
(Phase III)
Final
Guidelines
(Post
Injection)
Monitoring, Verification
and Accounting
2009/2012 2016 2020
Public Outreach and
Education
2009 2016 2020
Site Characterization 2010 2016 2020
Geologic Storage
Formation Classification
2010 2016 2020
**Simulation and Risk
Assessment
2010 2016 2020
**Carbon Storage Systems
and Well Management
Activities
2011 2016 2020
Terrestrial 2010
2016 – Post MVA Phase
III
CCS Best Practices Manuals
Critical Requirement For Significant Wide Scale Deployment -
Capturing Lessons Learned