Goddard 2015: Greg Williams, NASA
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The document discusses NASA's plans for future human space exploration missions. It describes: 1) The upcoming year-long mission to the International Space Station by astronaut Scott Kelly and cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko in 2015, which will be the longest mission ever by a US astronaut. Studies on this mission include the effects of long-term spaceflight on the human body. 2) Development of the Space Launch System, Orion spacecraft, and ground systems to enable human exploration beyond low Earth orbit to destinations like Mars. 3) Plans to use cis-lunar space and a distant retrograde orbit around the Moon as a "Proving Ground" to test technologies and operations required for human
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Goddard 2015: Greg Williams, NASA
- 1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Memorial Symposium Greg Williams Deputy Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations
- 4. 4
- 6. 6 ISS One-Year Mission 6 • 2015 marks the launch of astronaut Scott Kelly and cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko to the ISS for 12 months – the longest mission ever assigned to a US astronaut – Joint US/Russian ISS research includes studies on: ocular health, immune and cardiovascular systems, cognitive performance testing, and effectiveness of countermeasure against bone and muscle loss • HRP study of identical twins astronaut Scott Kelly, and retired astronaut, Mark Kelly – Provides unprecedented opportunity to research effects of spaceflight on twin genetic makeup, and better understand the impacts of spaceflight on the human body Retired astronaut Mark Kelly (left) and his twin brother, astronaut Scott Kelly, who will spend a year on ISS Scott Kelly STS-103, STS-118, ISS 25/26 Mikhail Kornienko ISS 23/24 http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/humanresearch/index.html
- 8. Beginning human exploration beyond LEO as soon as practicable helps secure our future in space. Orion Crew Capsule Space Launch System Ground Systems Development & Operations SLS, Orion, and Ground Systems 8
- 9. Ogive panels installed, Orion moved to launch pad Orion / Delta ready on pad ready for launch Service Module Panel Jettison Parachutes deploy after EFT-1 flight EM-1 Pathfinder Barrel machining EM-1 Tunnel Machining Orion Accomplishments 9
- 10. Booster installed at ATK for Qualification Motor-1 test in March RS-25 testing for SLS begins at Stennis Space Center Delivery of new engine controller unit for RS-25 engines SLS Stage Adapter flies successfully on Orion’s EFT-1 launch Construction begins on core stage test stands at Marshall Space Flight Center First flight barrel section produced at Michoud Assembly Facility SLS Accomplishments 10 10
- 11. GSDO Accomplishments Anchorage. The Orion crew module recovered Dec. 5 after splashdown In the Pacific Ocean Upgrades and modifications continue on the 175-ton crane inside the VAB - Modifications continue on the Mobile Launcher at Kennedy Space Center Florida. 11 11
- 12. 12 VALIDATE • Advanced Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) systems to move large masses in interplanetary space • LDRO as a staging point for large cargo masses en route to Mars • SLS and Orion in deep space • Long duration, deep space habitation systems • Crew health and performance in a deep space environment • In-Situ Resource Utilization in micro-g • Operations with reduced logistics capability • Structures and mechanisms CONDUCT • EVAs in deep space with sample handling in micro-g • Integrated human and robotic mission operations • Capability Pathfinder and SKG missions Enabling Human Missions to Mars PROVING GROUND OBJECTIVES
- 13. 13 Cis-Lunar Space: How the Earth and the Moon Interact The contours on the plot depict energy states in the Earth-Moon System and the relative difficulty of moving from one place to another. A spacecraft at L2 is actually orbiting Earth at a distance just past the Moon, however if you look at it from the Moon, the orbit will look like an ellipse around a point in space giving them the name “halo orbits”. The interaction of the Earth and Moon creates bends in the energy contours that can be used to lower the energy needed to move around the Earth-Moon system and beyond, such as this example of a low energy transfer between L1 and L2 . The Lunar Distant Retrograde Orbit leverages these equilibrium and low energy contours to enable a stable orbit with respect to the Earth and Moon, that is accessible with about the same energy as L1 or L2. Family of DROs in Earth-Moon Plane
- 14. ARM is a Stepping Stone to Higher Power SEP Needed to Support Human Missions to Mars 1 10 100 1000 Solar Array Power (kW) Deep Space 1 Dawn ARM SEP Mars Cargo Chem/SEP Mars Crew 1 10 100 1000 Solar Array Power (kW) Deep Space 1 Dawn SEP Mars Cargo Chem/SEP Mars Crew Asteroid Redirect 50 kW 50-100 kW 100-700 kW 300-700 kW ARM Cis-Lunar Mission Mars Moons Mars Surface 14
- 15. Split Mission Concept 15 15 Using SEP for pre-emplacement of cargo and destination systems enables sustainable Mars campaign • Minimizes the cargo needed to be transported with the crew on future launches • Enables a more sustainable launch cadence • Pre-positions assets for crew missions, allowing for system checkout in the Mars vicinity prior to committing to crew portion of mission
- 16. Split Mission Concept 16 DRO as an aggregation point for Mars habitation systems • Provides a stable environment and ease of access for testing Proving Ground capabilities • Allows for Mars transit vehicle build-up and checkout in the deep-space environment prior to crew departure • Able to transfer Mars Transit Vehicle from DRO to High Earth Orbit with small amount of propellant to rendezvous with crew in Orion – HEO is more efficient location to leave Earth-moon system for Mars vicinity 16
- 17. Split Mission Concept • Returning from Mars, the crew will return to Earth in Orion and the Mars Transit Habitat will return to the staging point in cis- lunar space for refurbishment in support of future missions 17
- 18. View From The Surface of Phobos 18 Expand human presence into the solar system and to the surface of Mars to advance exploration, science, innovation, benefits to humanity, and international collaboration.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- In a few months, NASA will send an ocean wind-monitoring instrument to a berth on the International Space Station. That unique vantage point will give ISS-RapidScat, short for the International Space Station Rapid Scatterometer, the ability to observe daily (also called diurnal) cycles of wind created by solar heat.
- 1. The two-minute, full-duration static test -- scheduled for March 11 at booster prime contractor ATK's test facility in Promontory, Utah -- is a huge milestone for the program and will qualify the booster design for high temperature conditions. Once this test and a second, low-temperature test planned for early 2016 are complete, the hardware is qualified and ready for the first flight of SLS. 2. The RS-25, formerly the space shuttle main engine, fired up for 500 seconds on the A-1 test stand at Stennis, providing NASA engineers critical data on the engine controller unit and inlet pressure conditions. This is the first hot fire of an RS-25 engine since the end of space shuttle main engine testing in 2009. Four RS-25 engines will power SLS on future missions, including to an asteroid and Mars. 3. The new Engine Controller Unit allows communication between the vehicle and the engine, relaying commands to the engine and transmitting data back to the vehicle. It also provides closed-loop management of the engine by regulating the thrust and fuel mixture ratio while monitoring the engine's health and status. Controller development is based heavily on the recent development experience with the J-2X engine controller. 4. For Exploration Flight Test-1, Orion was mated to the Delta 4 Heavy launch vehicle with the Multipurpose Crew Vehicle-to-Stage Adapter, designed for commonality between EFT-1 and Orion’s first launch on SLS on Exploration Mission-1. The MSA performed nominally during the EFT-1 launch. 5. The barrel for the engine section of NASA's new rocket, the Space Launch System, is taken off the Vertical Weld Center at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. The barrel is flight hardware to be used on the first uncrewed test flight of the 70-metric-ton configuration of the rocket. The engine section, made up of the barrel and a ring -- also welded at Michoud -- will hold four RS-25 engines that will power the core stage of the SLS 6. A new, 215-foot test stand at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, Test Stand 4693 will be used for structural loads testing on the liquid hydrogen tank for the core stage of NASA's Space Launch System. The core stage, towering more than 200 feet tall, will store cryogenic liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen that will feed the vehicle’s RS-25 engines. SLS will be the most powerful rocket ever built for deep space missions, including to an asteroid and ultimately Mars. The 4693 structure -- being built on the foundation of the stand where the Saturn V F-1 engine was tested -- will have a twin-tower configuration and be made with 2,150 tons of steel. The liquid hydrogen tank will be placed in the stand vertically, and be loaded with liquid nitrogen for stress testing. A second test stand also is under construction at the Marshall Center and will be used to test the liquid oxygen tank. The stands are on track to being completed in 2015.
- Top left: Recovery Operations - The Orion crew module was recovered Dec. 5 after splashdown in the Pacific Ocean about 600 miles off the coast of San Diego, California. NASA, the U.S. Navy and Lockheed Martin coordinated efforts to recover Orion and secure the spacecraft inside the well deck of the USS Anchorage. Bottom: VAB - Upgrades and modifications continue on the 175-ton crane inside the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The crane's 45-year-old controls are being upgraded to improve reliability, precision and safety. The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program is overseeing upgrades and modifications to the crane so that it can support lifting needs for NASA and other exploration vehicles, including the agency's Space Launch System and Orion spacecraft. Right: ML - Modifications continue on the Mobile Launcher at the Mobile Launcher Park Site at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. A crane is being used to move scaffolding, or work platforms, around the base of the tower on the ML to continue upgrades and modifications to the structure. The ML is being modified and strengthened to accommodate the weight, size and thrust at launch of NASA's Space Launch System, or SLS, and Orion spacecraft. The ML is one of the key elements of ground support equipment that is being upgraded by the Ground Systems Development and Operations Program at Kennedy.