Public Speaking is an art to be learnt by all as this not only aids in employment buy empowerment also.

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Manoj Asrani
FUNDAMENTALS OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
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Ground Rules
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Switch off all
cellphones
Close all
laptop screens
Ask questions
when
necessary
Break halfway
through

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Aim
To equip the
audience with the
fundamentals of
effective public
speaking

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Why Study Public Speaking?
Empowerment Employment

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“A Speech” vs. Conversation
• Planned
• Formal
• Roles of audience
and speaker are well
defined
“A Speech”
• Spontaneous
• Informal
• Roles are fluid
Conversation

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Introduction
Nothing frightens most people more than having to stand up in front of a group and deliver
a speech.
A survey has shown that people fear:
-7.5% -18% -30% -40%
Darkness Death Insects
Public
speaking

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Scope
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Basic Format. Presentation Tips.
• Overcoming
Stage Fright.
Planning.
Communication
Aids.
How to Deliver
your Presentation.

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Planning
Know the topic well.
Have a clear idea of the purpose.
Consider the audience.
Practice

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Plan to overcome Nervousness
Nervousness is
normal
This class is
“safe”
Remember, the
audience wants
you to succeed.
This class is a
place to practice
Survey: Death vs.
Public Speaking
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2
3
4

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Planning the Communications Process
Sender
Encoding
Receiver
Decoding
Static
Transmission
Filter

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Planning to overcome Disfluency & Rehearse
First, in your head Then, out loud Work out
pronunciations and
inadvertent tongue
twisters
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Rehearse
An interruption in the
smooth flow of speech,
by a pause, the
repetition of a word or
syllable
Disfluency

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Include the use of aids in your presentation because:
• A picture is worth a thousand words
• Can instantly portray things that cannot be said adequately
• Creates Interest. Adds impact.
• Remains in memory long after the words have left
Examples:
• PowerPoint. Pointers.
• TV's & Videos. Flip charts.
• White boards.
Delivery of speech enabled with Communication Aids

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Deliver Your Speech
Have water, but not milk, caffeine or carbonated beverages3
Audience will not perceive nervousness as much as you think2
Make eye contact1
C o m m u n i c a t i o n A i d s

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Characteristics of Effective Delivery
Good eye contact
Gestures
• Pointing
• Hands on hip(s)
• “Parade rest”
• “Fig Leaf clutch”
Gesture functions
• Repeating/reinforcing,
substituting, contradicting
Movement
• Can eliminate barriers between
speaker and audience
• Maintain eye contact while moving
Posture
Vocal Quality & Delivery
• Pitch
• Volume
• Articulation / Diction
• Examples of poor articulation
• “Lemme”
• “Dint”
• “Seeya”
• “Wanna”
• “Mornin”
• “Whayado?”
• “Fogedaboudit”
C o m m u n i c a t i o n A i d s

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• We take plenty of rest
• Arrive early
• Visualize success
Delivering Your Speech
• Tone down gestures
• Pay attention to attire
• Avoid whites
• Avoid extreme darks
• Avoid heavy patterns
• Solid colors are best
• Avoid shiny jewelry
• Wear clothing that is
slimming
• (Avoid horizontal stripes,
etc.)
Speaking on Television
• Anticipate & Prepare
• Rephrase question for audience
• Stay on Message
• Respond to the audience not
just the questioner
• Listen non-judgmentally
• Neutralize hostile questions
• Be brief
• If you don’t know, admit it
• Indicate limits of Q&A
Responding to Questions
C o m m u n i c a t i o n A i d s

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Basic Formats
• Interest grabber
• Ground rules
Introduction
• Singular.
• Should remain visible through
the presentation
Aim
• Indicates the subjects you
intend covering in order to
achieve your aim.
• Say why you discuss these
points.
• How are they linked together
to reach the aim?
Scope

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Basic Format (Cont.)
• Main part of the presentation.
• Must be discussed in a logical
manner.
• Aspects discussed must
relate to the aim.
• Accuracy and completeness
of facts are important.
Body
• Closing must be forceful.
• Brief summary of the main
points.
• Must clearly indicate that the
aim has been obtained.
• Finally leave time for your
audience to ask questions if
the topic allows.
Conclusion
• Introduce the audience to
what you’re going to tell
them. (Introduction)
• Tell the audience what you’re
going to tell them (Scope).
• Tell the audience (Body).
• Remind the audience what
you told them (Conclusion).
In summary

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Methods of Delivery
Manuscript
Reading
Memorized
Speaking
Impromptu
Speaking
Extemporaneous
Speaking
B A S I C F O R M A T S

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Manuscript Reading
• Can craft a careful
message (particularly
helpful if speaking to
the media)
• Allows for polishing
and stylizing
Advantages
• May sound like it’s
being read
• Requires skill &
practice
• May require cue cards
or a teleprompter &
operator
Disadvantages
B A S I C F O R M A T S

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Teleprompter
Video
Monitor
With Speech
(Reverse)
Video
Camera
B A S I C F O R M A T S

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Memorized & Impromptu Speaking
• Can have direct
eye contact
• No need for notes
• Can move around
freely and gesture
Advantages
• Speaker may forget
• May sound overly
mechanical or
rehearsed
Disadvantages
Memorized Speaking
• Can move around
freely and gesture
• Spontaneously and
authentically
delivered
Advantages
• May be less
organized
• Difficult to cite
evidence
Disadvantages
Impromptu Speaking
B A S I C F O R M A T S

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Extemporaneous Speaking
• Well organized and
researched
• Audience sees
authentically
delivered speech
Advantages
• Takes time to
prepare
• Takes skill to
deliver well
• Notes are usually
needed
Disadvantages
Knowing major outlined points, but not memorizing exact wording
B A S I C F O R M A T S

23. Developing Your Speech
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How to Deliver your presentation

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How to Deliver your presentation
A demagogue– plays on the passions and prejudices of the masses.
Poor speakers struggle to communicate even worthwhile ideas.
Speakers have a responsibility to give worthwhile speeches as effectively as possible
Appearance.
Use your voice:
• Rate or tempo of speech.
• Pitch.
• Volume.
• Pause.
• Eliminate filter words.
• Pronunciation.
• Practise aloud.

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How to Deliver your presentation (cont.)
Body language:
• Increase physical space.
• Posture.
• Stand firmly.
• Move deliberately.
• Relax your hands.
• Eliminate distracting items.
• Move consistent with your
message.
• Eye contact.
• Facial expressions.
Use your voice:
• Rate or tempo of speech.
• Pitch.
• Volume.
• Pause.
• Eliminate filter words.
• Pronunciation.
• Practice aloud.
Questions and
Answers:
• Ask questions to check
audience comprehension.
• Always encourage your
audience to ask you
questions.
• When asked questions-watch
the person, make eye contact.
• Always repeat the question
you are asked.
• Be honest.

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Presentation Tips
Try to:
• Keep it simple.
• Use font 24.
• Not too much text per slide.
• Don’t use capitals in text.
• Balance your slides.
• Avoid reading.
• Stay away from jargon.
• Keep text animation to the minimum.
• Know how the technology works.
• Try not to walk in front of slides.
• Have a backup plan.
How to Deliver your presentation

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Overcoming Stage Fright
Everybody experiences stage fright in varying degrees. Don't
apologize!
• Practice and Plan.
• Know your topic.
Hints
• Expect the best.
• Speak positive about your presentation.
• Presume your success
• Breath deeply and slowly
• Act self assured.
• Smile.
How to Deliver your presentation

28. Introducing and Concluding Your Speech
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How to Deliver your presentation

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Possible Introductions
• Illustrations or anecdotes
• Startling facts or statistics
• Quotations
• Humor
• Questions
• References to historical or recent events
• Personal references
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The Purpose of Introductions
• Get the audience’s favorable attention
• To give the audience a reason to listen
• Introduce the subject
• Establish credibility
• Preview your main ideas
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How to Deliver your presentation

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Comedy vs. Humor
The objective of
Comedy is to
make the
audience laugh.
The objective of
Humor is to make
a point in an
amusing way.
How to Deliver your presentation

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• Summarize the speech
• Restate main ideas
• Provide closure
• Motivate the audience to
respond
The Purpose of Conclusions
• Reference back to the
introduction
• Issue an appeal or challenge
Conclusion Possibilities
How to Deliver your presentation

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• Establish a Motive for Your
Audience
• Use the Unexpected
• Tell an Interesting Story
• May include Conflict, Action,
Suspense and/or Humor
Strategies to Maintain Interest
• Build in Redundancy
• Make your Ideas Short and Simple
• Pace the flow of Information
• Reinforce the Key Ideas
Strategies to Enhance Recall
How to Deliver your presentation

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AUDIENCE ADAPTATION
Known to consider the values, beliefs, Interests,
needs and knowledge levels of her Audience.
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Must research, analyze and adapt to your
audience.
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Public speaking is an audience-centered and not
speaker-centered activity.
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How to Deliver your presentation

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SUCCEESFUL SPEECH?
Did I meet audience member expectations & fulfill their needs?
Did I make a contribution to their levels of awareness?
Did I influence their attitudes/behaviors?
Did have an impact?
How to Deliver your presentation

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AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
Demographic profile
Age, sex, gender, marital & parental status, ethnicity, culture, income,
education & occupation.
Beliefs
Taxes too high? Polices unfair? No contraception?
Attitudes
Clustered beliefs
Values
Security, freedom, family, equality, social recognition
Needs
Life’s basic, love, esteem, security, self- actualization
How to Deliver your presentation

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AUDIENCE ADAPTATION 2
• Choose a topic and approach.
• Know how many people will be
there.
• Consider the speaking
environment (occasion &
place)
• Recognize your audience
(language, compliments,
acknowledge their
beliefs/attitudes, multiple
audiences, knowledge levels
• Dress appropriately
• Body language, intonation,
projection
How to Deliver your presentation

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5 Minute BreakPresentation Tips | Overcoming Stage Fright

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Conclusion
Relax. Enjoy it.3
Beware of what you saying and how you are saying it. Be your
own coach.
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Stick to the basic format.1

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Questions / Answers