Electricity

Electricity Presenting
By
A.S.Krishna

What is Electricity ????
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with
the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity gives a wide
variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity,
electromagnetic induction and electrical current. In addition,
electricity permits the creation and reception of electromagnetic
radiation such as radio waves.

The experiments on the electricity was held from the B.C onwards so the first person
who made the series of experiments is Thales of Miletus.
Thales, the earliest known researcher into electricity.
Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BC….

Thales of Miletus writes about amber becoming charged by rubbing -
he was describing what we now call static electricity.
Long before any knowledge of electricity existed people were aware of
shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BC
referred to these fish as the “Thunderer of the Nile”, and described
them as the “protectors” of all other fish.
After that, the patients suffering from ailments such as gout or
headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the
powerful jolt might cure them.

Magnus Gets Stuck
In 900 BC - Magnus, a Greek shepherd, while looking for lost sheep,
discovers that the nails in his shoes seem to stick to a strange rock.
This region becomes known as Magnesia.
Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt was a 13th century French scholar who
conducted experiments on magnetism and wrote the first extant
treatise describing the properties of magnets. In his letter of 1269,
Peregrinus explain how to identify the poles of the compasses. He also
describes the laws of magnetic attraction and repulsion.

Petrus Peregrinus de
Maricourt
In 1269

The Word…& A Father
Later In the 1600, the English scientist William Gilbert, who was a physician and man
of learning at the court of Elizabeth.
William Gilbert’s great treatise De Magnete, or “on the magnet”, printed in Latin in
1600, containing the fruits of his researches and experiments for many years indeed
provided the basis for a new science.
And he the person who coined the term “ electra” or “electricity” from his famous book.
 And he was also the first person to use the terms electric force, magnetic pole and
electric attraction.
And he also explained about the electricity and magnetism, as a result he is the
accredited father of the science of electricity and magnetism……..

The First Electric Generator
In 17th century, an inventor and a philosopher, Otto Von Guericke invented a machine
that produced static electricity, this was the first electric generator.
Otto Von Guericke’s generator was described as large sulfur ball mounted on a pole
inside a glass globe.
The sulfur ball was rotated by a hand crank. The rotating ball rubbed against a pad
generating static electricity sparks, however, Otto Von Guericke had no idea what the
sparks were. His devise was used for early experiments with electricity.

Otto Von Guericke
Nov,20-1602
May,11-1686

Otto Von Guericke
Otto Von Guericke was the inventorof the nothing we now call a vacuum. He also
served as the mayor or Burgermeister of Magdeburg, Germany from 1646 to 1676.
In 1650, Otto Von Guericke invented the air pump, used to create a partial vacuum.
In 1663, Guericke demonstrated the power of a vacuum with his Magdeburg
Hemispheres to Emperor Ferdinand III. During public demonstrations, teams of horses
would attempt to pull the hemispheres apart which were held together by the force of
atmospheric pressure created using his vacuum pump.
In 1661, Guericke invented the manometer.
In 1671, Otto von Guericke published his treatise "Experimenta nova Magdeburgia de
vacuo spatio" or "New Magdeburg Experiments About the Vacuum".

Stephen Gray
 In 1729, Stephen Gray shows that electricity
doesn’t have to be made in place by rubbing
but can also be transferred from place to place
with conducting wires.
 And he is the person who was the first to
systematically experiment with electrical
conduction, rather than simple generation of
static charges and investigations of the static
phenomena.
 And as a results he discovered the principle of
the conduction of electricity.

Charles Francois
 In 1733, Charles Francois de Cisternay du
Fay discovered that electricity comes in two
forms which he called resinous (-) and
vitreous (+), now called as negative and
positive.

First Capacitor
In 1745, Ewald Georg von Kleist discovered that electricity was controllable.
And he independently invented the “Kleistain jar”.
Pieter Van Musschenbroek was a Dutch scientist. He was credited with the
invention of the first capacitor in 1746: the “Leyden Jar”.
The apparatus was a glass jar filled with water into which a brass rod had
been placed; and the stored energy could be released only by completing an
external circuit between the brass rod and another conductor.
More commonly known as “Leyden jar” after’s Pieter van Musschenbroek of
Leyden.

Practical Application
Ben Franklin’s important discovery was that electricity and lightning were
one and the same.
In 1750 he published a proposal for an experiment to prove that lightning is
electricity by flying a kite in a storm that appeared capable of becoming a
lightning storm.
Ben Franklin’s lightning rod was the first practical application of electricity.

Human Battery
In 1752, Johann Georg Sulzer put the tip of his tongue between pieces of two different
metals whose edges were in contact.
He exclaimed, “a pungent sensation, reminds me of the taste of green vitriol when I
placed my tongue between these metals”.
The metals are the lead and silver together in his mouth, the event became a famous
known test as the “Tongue test” or “battery tongue test”.
Johann Sulzer puts lead and silver together in his mouth, performing the first recorded
``tongue test'' of a battery.

Generator
Otto Von Guericke’s First
Static Generator

Hippolyte Pixii
 He was an instrument maker from Paris,
France.
 In 1832 he built an early form of alternating
current electrical generator, based on the
principle of magnetic induction discovered
by Michael Faraday

High-Current Copper-Brush Commutated Dynamo

In 1729, Stephen Gray shows that
electricity doesn’t have to be made in
place by rubbing but can also be
transferred from place to place with
conducting wires.
And as a results he discovered the
principle of the conduction of electricity.

ZBD Engineers Team
Károly Zipernowsky, Ottó Bláthy and Miksa Déri

Companies
GANZ Works
George Westinghouse

Utilization
Utilization of Electricity all over the world is
19,320,360,620 as per the data 2002-10 and the world
population is 7,155,700,000 as per 2014 data.
Average power per person in watts is 313 Watts

Electricity

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Electricity