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A Study on

“Customer Satisfaction Survey on Banks”

               Submitted to the

     School of Management Studies
        University of Hyderabad
          In Partial Fulfillment of the

  Requirement for the Award of the Degree of

   Master of Business Administration




            Under the Guidance of

          Dr. Chetan Srivastava
 Lecturer, School of Management Studies
         University of Hyderabad


                      By

                Ankit Singh
                 08MBMA12
CERTIFICATE


This is to certify that the project work entitled “Customer Satisfaction
Survey on Banks” has been carried out and submitted by Mr. Ankit Singh
under my guidance in partial fulfillment of his Masters Of Business
Administration    at   SCHOOL      OF    MANAGEMENT           STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY of HYDERABAD.




Date: 21/04/09                                Dr. Chetan Srivastava

                                                 Assistant Professor

                                            School Of Management Studies

                                               University Of Hyderabad
DECLARATION


This to declare that the project title “Customer Satisfaction Survey on Banks” is
an authentic record of my original work carried out under the guidance of Dr.
Chetan Srivastava, Assistant Professor in Marketing, School of Management
Studies, University of Hyderabad.

     The project work has been carried out solely for the purpose of submission
in partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration at School of
Management Studies, University of Hyderabad.

     I further declare that I have not submitted this document to any other School,
University, or Institution in whatever manner.




Date -                                                              Ankit Singh

                                                                    08MBMA12
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


First of all I express my gratitude to my project guide Dr. Chetan Srivastava,
Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies, University of Hyderabad. His
able guidance at each step of the project helped me to broaden my outlook on the
project and in successful completion of the project. I shall always remember his
polite way of correction and constant encouragement by asking various questions.
      I convey my regards and special thanks to Dr. V. Venkata Ramana,
Professor and Dean, School of Management Studies, University of Hyderabad for
giving me this opportunity for doing this project.
      I specially thank all the faculty members of the School of Management
Studies for having equipped me with the skills and the ability through their inputs,
which assisted me in the completion of the project.
      I wish to thank all those people who have directly or indirectly been
instrumental in successful completion of this project work.
      Finally, I would like to thank my Parents, Family, Friends, Colleagues and
God Almighty for their unending inspiration and encouragement.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


      First of all I express my gratitude to my project guide Dr. Chetan
Srivastava, Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies, University of
Hyderabad. His able guidance at each step of the project helped me to broaden my
outlook on the project and in successful completion of the project. I shall always
remember his polite way of correction and constant encouragement by asking
various questions.
      I convey my regards and special thanks to Dr. V. Venkata Ramana,
Professor and Dean, School of Management Studies, University of Hyderabad for
giving me this opportunity for doing this project.
      I specially thank all the faculty members of the School of Management
Studies for having equipped me with the skills and the ability through their inputs,
which assisted me in the completion of the project.
      I wish to thank all those people who have directly or indirectly been
instrumental in successful completion of this project work.
      Finally, I would like to thank my Parents, Family, Friends, Colleagues and
God Almighty for their unending inspiration and encouragement.
1. Executive Summary

     The report contains the brief description of the Banking Industry in India. It contains the
  findings and analysis of the survey conducted to gather primary data to judge the importance
  of various attributes that influence the satisfaction of customers in different manner and to
  the different extent. These attributes are classified as Initial Experience, Service Delivery
  Experience, Service Experience, Relationship Experience, and Grievance Handling. Further
  an attempt has been made to know the overall satisfaction of the customers. The attempt has
  also been made to categorize investors based on various demographic factors such as age,
  income, etc. and to present a comparative analysis of the various demographic factors. The
  size of the sample is limited to 120 only.
     More than 50 % of the respondents are using fixed deposits and saving bank account
  services of the banks. The highest number of respondents belongs to State Bank of India
  Group followed by ICICI Bank, Andhra Bank, HDFC Bank and Bank of Baroda
  Respectively. More than 40% of the respondents are the customers of the bank from more
  than 10 years. Nearness to bank is the most important factor affecting the choice of more
  than 30% followed by reputation of the bank which holds more than 25% of the share.
     The data relating to customer satisfaction is analyzed using Analysis of Variance. The
  analysis shows that customers give equal importance to all the attributes under each
  classification to rank their satisfaction. The attributes under each category are ranked
  according to their Weighted Average Mean. In terms of Initial Experience, Quality of
  response to customer queries is considered most important to judge the customer satisfaction
  and ICICI bank is at the top on this criteria. In terms of Service Delivery Experience,
  Timeliness of service delivery is ranked most important and SBI is at the top. In terms of
  Service Experience, Level of need fulfillment vis-à-vis expected is considered most
  important and SBI is again at the top. In terms of Relationship Experience, Frequency and
  quality of contact is considered most important and HDFC bank is leading the other banks.
  Finally in terms of Grievance Handling, Quality of complaint resolution is considered to be
  most important and SBI is again leading in on this criteria.
2. Table of Contents



   Certificate
   Declaration
   Acknowledgements
1. Executive Summary                              1
2. Table of Contents                              2
3. History of Indian Banking Industry             8-9
4. Background and Need for Study                  10
5. Statement of Problem                           10-11
6. Objective of Study                             12
7. Testable Hypothesis                            13
8. Limitations of Study                           13
9. Theoretical Framework                          14
10. Literature Review                             15-22
11. Research Methodology
   (a) Designing of Questionnaire                 23-24
   (b) Duration of Study                          24
   (c) Sample Selection                           24
12. Data Collection and Analysis                  24-35
13.Findings of the Study                          64-65
14.Suggestions                                    66-67
15.Bibliography and References                    68
16.Annexure I-II                                  69-72
3. HISTORY OF THE INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY
The first bank in India, though conservative, was established in 1786. From 1786 till today, the
journey of Indian Banking System can be segregated into three distinct phases. They are as
mentioned below-
First Phase –
        The General Bank of India was set up in the year 1786. The East India Company
established Bank of Bengal (1809), Bank of Bombay (1840) and Bank of Madras (1843) as
independent units and called it Presidency Banks. These three banks were amalgamated in 1920
and Imperial Bank of India was established which started as private shareholders banks, mostly
Europeans.
        In 1865 Allahabad Bank was established and first time exclusively by Indians. Then
Punjab National Bank Ltd. was set up in 1894 with headquarters at Lahore. Between 1906 and
1913, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Indian Bank, and
Bank of Mysore were set up. The Reserve Bank of India the central bank of India came in 1935.
        During the first phase the growth was very slow and banks also experienced periodic
failures between 1913 and 1948. There were approximately 1100 banks, mostly small. To
streamline the functioning and activities of commercial banks, the Government of India came up
with The Banking Companies Act, 1949 which was later changed to Banking Regulation Act
1949 as per amending Act of 1965 (Act No. 23 of 1965). Reserve Bank of India was vested with
extensive powers for the supervision of banking in india as the Central Banking Authority.


Second Phase –

        Government took major steps in this Indian Banking Sector Reform after independence.
In 1955, it nationalised Imperial Bank of India with extensive banking facilities on a large scale
especially in rural and semi-urban areas. It formed State Bank of india to act as the principal
agent of RBI and to handle banking transactions of the Union and State Governments all over the
country.

        Before the steps of nationalisation of Indian banks, only State Bank of India (SBI) was
nationalised. It took place in July 1955 under the SBI Act of 1955. Nationalisation of Seven State
Banks      of   India   (formed     subsidiary)    took     place    on    19th    July,    1960.
In 1969, major process of nationalisation was carried out. 14 major commercial banks in
the country were nationalised. Second phase of nationalisation Indian Banking Sector Reform
was carried out in 1980. Seven more banks were nationalised with deposits over 200 crores. This
step brought 80% of the banking segment in India under Government ownership.
Third Phase –
This phase has introduced many more products and facilities in the banking sector in its
reforms measure. In 1991, under the chairmanship of M Narasimham, a committee was set up
by his name which worked for the liberalisation of banking practices. The country is flooded
with foreign banks and their ATM stations. Efforts are being put to give a satisfactory service to
customers. Phone banking and net banking is introduced. The entire system became more
convenient and swift. Time is given more importance than money.
Steps taken by Government to regulate banking institutins in the country-

      1949- Enactment of Banking Regulation Act
      1955- nationalization of State Bank of India
      1959- nationalization of State Bank of India’s Subsidiaries
      1961- Insurance cover extended to deposits
      1969- Nationalisation of major 14 banks
      1971- Creation of Credit Gurantee Corporation
      1975- Creation of regional Rural Banks
      1980- Nationalisation of 7 Banks with deposits over 200 crores


Public sector banks in India-
There are 26 public sector banks in India. These include the following-
State Bank of India, State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur, State Bank of Hyderabad ,State Bank of
Indore, State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Patiala, State Bank of Saurashtra, State Bank of
Travancore, Andhra Bank, Allahabad Bank, Bank of Baroda, Bank of India , Bank of
Maharashtra, Canara Bank, Central Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Dena Bank,
Indian Overseas Bank, Indian Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Punjab National Bank, Punjab
and Sind Bank, Syndicate Bank, Union Bank of India, United Bank of India
UCO Bank, and Vijaya Bank.
Private sector banks in India-
There are 9 private sector banks in India. These include the following-
Vysya Bank Ltd, Axis Bank Ltd, Indusind Bank Ltd, ICICI Banking Corporation Bank Ltd
Global Trust Bank Ltd, HDFC Bank Ltd, Centurion Bank Ltd, Bank of Punjab Ltd
IDBI Bank Ltd.
Foreign banks in India-
There are 12 foreign banks in India. These include the following-
American Express Bank Ltd, ANZ Gridlays Bank Plc, Bank of America NT & SA, Bank of
Tokyo Ltd, Banquc Nationale de Paris, Barclays Bank Plc, Citi Bank NC, Deutsche Bank AG,
Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Standard Chartered Bank, The Chase Manhattan
Bank Ltd, Dresdner Bank AG.
4. BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE STUDY-
  Modern management science’s philosophy considers customer satisfaction as a baseline
  standard of performance and a possible standard of excellence for any business organization.
  Customer satisfaction measurement provides a sense of achievement and accomplishment for
  all employees involved in any stage of the customer service process. In this way, satisfaction
  measurement motivates people to perform and achieve higher levels of productivity.
      To reinforce customer orientation on a day-to-day basis, a growing number of companies
  choose customer satisfaction as their main performance indicator. It is almost impossible,
  however, to keep an entire company permanently motivated by a notion as abstract and
  intangible as customer satisfaction. Therefore, customer satisfaction must be translated into a
  number of measurable parameters which the customers consider the most for rating their
  satisfaction.
      Customer retention is an important element of banking strategy in today’s increasingly
  competitive environment where banks are not only competing with their peers but also with
  the non-banks and other financial institutions and the customer retention is possible only with
  the customer satisfaction. Bank management must identify and improve upon factors that
  provide satisfaction to customers. These include employee performance and professionalism,
  willingness to solve problems, friendliness, level of knowledge, communication skills, and
  selling skills, among others. Several studies have emphasized the significance of customer
  satisfaction in the banking industry.
      Most bank product developments are easy to duplicate and when banks provide nearly
  identical services, they can only distinguish themselves on the basis of price and quality.
  Therefore, customer satisfaction and retention is potentially an effective tool that banks can
  use to gain a strategic advantage and survive in today’s ever-increasing banking competitive
  environment. Also the customer retention is important because cost of acquiring new
  customers is more than the cost of maintaining existing customers.
      Also long-term customers if satisfied may generate positive word-of-mouth promotion for
  the company. Therefore by satisfying customers the banks can increase their profits and gain a
  strategic presence in the market.
5. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM- The “expectations” of customers influence their buying
   behavior. The customers relate this expectation to the quality of service provided by the
   banks. The level of expectation differs from person to person but everyone wants the banks
   to provide the products and services which can satisfy their needs up to their expected level
   or to a higher level so as to offer them a higher satisfaction. The level of satisfaction of
   customers is affected by some other attributes also other than the quality of service such as
   their experience with the bank employees etc. As there is a huge competition in the banking
   sector in India, the customer satisfaction is an important factor in the success of the banks. So
   with this background an attempt has been made to study the satisfaction of the customers of
   various banks taking into consideration some important attributes which customers consider
   for rating their satisfaction with a particular bank.
6. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY-
   The customers do not evaluate all possible attributes while rating their satisfaction, but the
marketer’s search is for identification of “The key buying criteria” or “The key choice criteria”
or “determinant attributes’ which are defined as certain features of a service that affects the
customer satisfaction. The study has the following specific objectives-
   a. To judge the importance of attributes that influence customers’ satisfaction with a
       particular bank.
   b. To compare the satisfaction levels of private and public sector banks.


7. TESTABLE HYPOTHESIS- The following hypothesis is made in the study-
       a) The customers give equal importance to all the attributes related to initial experience,
           service delivery experience, service experience, relationship experience and grievance
           handling in determining their satisfaction level.
       b) The private sector banks are able to bring greater satisfaction to the customers than
           public sector banks.
8. LIMITATIONS OF STUDY-
     1. Sample size was limited to 120 only. The sample size may not represent whole
        market.
     2. The study has not been conducted over an extended period of time considering both
        market ups and downs. The market state has a significant influence on the satisfaction
        level of customers. The study cannot capture such situations.
     3. This study is limited to the customers of Hyderabad only. Therefore the inferences
        cannot be generalized.
     4. A few respondents were not able to understand some of the terms of the questionnaire
        which may affect the study to a little extent.
9. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK-
   According to Philip Kotler, “satisfaction is a person’s feelings of pressure or
disappointment resulting from product’s perceived performance (outcome) in relation to
his or her expectations. Customer satisfaction is the level of a person’s felt state resulting
from comparing a product’s perceived performance (outcome) in relation to the person’s
expectations”.
   This satisfaction level is a function of difference between perceived performance and
expectations. If the product’s performance, exceed expectation the customer highly satisfied or
delighted. If the performance matches the expectations the customer is satisfied. If the products
performance fall shorts of expectations the customer is dissatisfied.
   Many companies are aiming for high satisfaction because customers who are just satisfied
still find it easy to switch when a better offer comes along. High satisfaction or delight creates an
emotional affinity with brand.
   Variety of factors that affect customer satisfaction includes product quality, product
availability and after sales support such as warranties and services. Customer satisfaction is seen
as a proof of delivering a quality product or service. It is believed that customer satisfaction
brings sales growth, and market share. A company can always increase customer satisfaction by
lowering its price or increasing its services but this may result in lower profits. Thus the purpose
of marketing is to generate customer value profitability. The two major factors of marketing are
the recruitment of new customers (acquisition) and the retention and expansion of relationships
with existing customers (base management). All this is possible only when the customers are
satisfied with the companies.
   Companies use the following methods to measure customer satisfaction-
   a. Complaints and suggestion system- The companies obtain complaints and suggestions
       through the customer service centers.
   b. Customer satisfaction surveys- The companies send questionnaires to random sample
       of their customers to find out how they feel about various aspects of the company’s
       performance and also solicit views on their competitor’s performance.
   c. Lost Customer Analysis- The companies contact customers who have stopped buying or
       who have switched to another supplier to learn why this happened.
10. LITERATURE REVIEW-
  Previous studies have identified the benefits that customer satisfaction delivers to an
  organization. The longer a customer stays with an organisation the more utility the customer
  generates (Reichheld and Sasser, 1990). In businesses where the underlying products have
  become commodity-like, quality of service depends heavily on the quality of its personnel.
  This is well documented in a study by Leeds (1992), who documented that approximately 40
  percent of customers switched banks because of what they considered to be poor service.
  Leeds further argued that nearly three-quarters of the banking customers mentioned teller
  courtesy as a prime consideration in choosing a bank. The study also showed that increased
  use of service quality/sales and professional behaviours (such as formal greetings) improved
  customer satisfaction and reduced customer attrition.
      Reichheld (1996) suggests that unsatisfied customers may choose not to defect, because
  they do not expect to receive better service elsewhere. Additionally, satisfied customers may
  look for other providers because they believe they might receive better service elsewhere.
  However, keeping customers is also dependent on a number of other factors.
      Fornell (1992), in his study of Swedish consumers, notes that although customer
  satisfaction and quality appear to be important for all firms, satisfaction is more important for
  loyalty in industries such as banks, insurance, mail order, and automobiles.
      Ioanna (2002) further proposed that service quality is an imperative element impacting
  customers’ satisfaction level in the banking industry.
      To compete successfully in today’s competitive marketplace, banks must focus on
  understanding the needs, attitudes, satisfactions and behavioural patterns of the market
  (Kaynak and Kucukemiroglu, 1992). Consumers evaluate a number of criteria when
  choosing a bank.
      Kucukemiroglu's (1992) study of the Hong Kong banking market discovered that
  customers choose their banks because of convenience, long association, recommendations of
  friends and relatives, and accessibility to credit.
11. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  (a) Designing of Questionnaire- To understand the savings preference, bank preference,
  services taken, time period since becoming customer, and to identify the information sources
  influencing bank selection, a questionnaire (ANNEXURE I) was designed and the
  respondents were asked to mark their preferences on a ranking scale.
      The questionnaire also contains 19 factors that affect the customer satisfaction. These
  factors are divided into 5 major groups – Initial Experience, Service Delivery Experience,
  Service Experience, Relationship Experience and Grievance Handling. Also the customers
  were asked to rate their overall satisfaction on a 5 point scale ranging from Highly Satisfied
  (1) to not at all Satisfied (5). These factors are as follows-


  (A) Initial Experience-
  1. Level of product Knowledge with bank staff
  2. Quality of response to customer queries on product/service
  3. Understanding of customer’s needs and unique perspective
  4. Availability and quality of brochures, sales material
  5. Presentation, Communication and Mannerism of staff
  (B) Service Delivery Experience-
  1. Timeliness of service delivery
  2. Sharing of status while work-in-progress
  3. Quality and sophistication of delivery
  4. Behavior and mannerism of delivery staff
  5. Level of congruence between time taken to deliver the services and stipulated time
  (C) Service Experience-
  1. Level of service quality vis-à-vis expectation
  2. Level of need fulfillment vis-à-vis expected
  (D) Relationship Experience-
  1. Frequency and quality of contact
  2. Knowledge of company products and customer opportunities
  3. Conduct and Communication of relationship person
(E) Grievance Handling-
   1. Timeliness of complaint resolution
   2. Quality of complaint resolution
   3. Level of of iterations till the complaint was resolved
   4. Knowledge and empathy of the customer servicing staff


   (F) Overall Satisfaction- The overall satisfaction of customers.


(b) Duration of Study- The survey is conducted for a period of three months starting from
January 2010 to March 2010.
(c) Sample Selection- The survey is conducted on 120 persons out of whom 37 respondents are
the customers of SBI, 21 of ICICI, 13 of Andhra Bank, 12 of HDFC Bank, 17 of Bank of
Baroda, and rest were of other banks. The sample for study includes 24 Government Employees,
44 Private Sector Employees, 35 Self-Professionals, and 21 housewives so as to get effective
results. The survey was conducted in certain areas of Hyderabad.
12. Data Collection and Analysis- The report is based on primary data only. Primary data was
collected through the above designed Questionnaire using telephone calls, e-mails and also
personally interviewing the respondents. The data is analyzed using the correlation analysis, chi-
square test and analysis of variance. The profile of the investors is given below-
INVESTOR PROFILE



         INVESTOR PROFILE                   NO. OF RESPONDENTS

SEX
                 Male                               83
                Female                              37
AGE
              Below 30                              25
                 30-40                              42
                 40-50                              32
             50 and above                           21
OCCUPATION
                Salaried                            68
       Businessman/Professional                     35
             Housewives                             21
ANNUAL INCOME
           Below 2,00,000                           31
          2,00,000-3,00,000                         46
          3,00,000-4,00,000                         23
           Above 4,00,000                           20
PRODUCTS
            Fixed Deposits                          27
           Saving Account                           42
           Current Account                          35
                 Other                              16
BANKS
          State Bank Group                          37
             ICICI Bank                             21
             Andhra Bank                            13
             HDFC Bank                              12
            Bank of Baroda                          18
             Other Banks                            19
RELATIONSHIP WITH BANK
           Less than 3 Year                         21
               3-5 Years                            25
              5-10 Years                            23
         More Than 10 Years                         51
FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE
        Ownership/ Reputation                       31
        Nearness/Accessibility                      42
             Commercials                            24
            Friends/Family                          23
A. INITIAL EXPERIENCE-

                                        NO OF
                                                                               RANKING
     ATTRIBUTES                      RESPONDENTS
                                                                      (Based on Weighted Average)
                               1      2   3   4                  5
Level of product                                                              Quality of response to
                              42      32     24        14        8   One
Knowledge of bank staff                                                       customer queries
                                                                              Understanding of
Quality of response to
                              50      34     22        12        2   Two      customer’s needs and
customer queries
                                                                              unique perspective
Understanding of                                                              Presentation,
customer’s needs and          48      40     18        6         8   Three    Communication and
unique perspective                                                            Mannerism of staff
Availability and quality of                                                   Level of product
                              26      32     20        24     18     Four
brochures, sales material                                                     Knowledge of bank staff
Presentation,
                                                                              Availability and quality of
Communication and             38      40     32        8         2   Five
                                                                              brochures, sales material
Mannerism of staff


                                          Anova: Single Factor

      SUMMARY
          Groups              Count         Sum   Average Variance
      Row 1                           5       120      24      186
      Row 2                           5       120      24      352
      Row 3                           5       120      24      362
      Row 4                           5       120      24       30
      Row 5                           5       120      24      314


     ANOVA
     Source of Variation        SS           df             MS        F        P-value F crit
     Between Groups                   0            4            0            0        1 2.86608
     Within Groups                 4976           20        248.8

      Total                        4976           24

       The F Value is much less than the critical or table value which shows that customers
consider all the attributes as important while rating their satisfaction. Therefore the hypothesis
that customers consider all the attributes important while rating their satisfaction stands accepted.
The difference in the sample is due to random sampling error.
RANK OF BANK
     ATTRIBUTES
                                  1             2          3              4            5
Level of product
                               ICICI         HDFC           SBI         BOB        ANDHRA
Knowledge of bank staff
Quality of response to
                               ICICI         HDFC       ANDHRA           SBI         BOB
customer queries
Understanding of
customer’s needs and           ICICI          SBI       ANDHRA          HDFC         BOB
unique perspective
Availability and quality of
                               HDFC          ICICI          SBI         BOB        ANDHRA
brochures, sales material
Presentation,
Communication and              ICICI       ANDHRA       ANDHRA          BOB           SBI
Mannerism of staff


The above table ranks the banks in the sample on the basis of the data obtained from their
customers. In terms of Level of product Knowledge of bank staff, quality of response to
customer queries, understanding of customer’s needs and unique perspective, Presentation,
Communication and Mannerism of staff the ICICI bank ranks higher. In terms of Availability
and quality of brochures, sales material the HDFC bank is at the top.

It clearly shows that the private sector banks are able to offer a good initial experience to the
customers when compared with the public sector banks.
B. SERVICE DELIVERY EXPERIENCE-

                                       NO OF
                                                                               RANKING
     ATTRIBUTES                     RESPONDENTS
                                                                      (Based on Weighted Average)
                               1     2   3   4                 5
Timeliness of service                                                       Timeliness of service
                              64     42       10         4     0     One
delivery                                                                    delivery
Sharing of status while                                                     Sharing of status while
                              58     28       20     12        2     Two
work-in-progress                                                            work-in-progress
Quality and sophistication                                                  Behavior and mannerism
                              30     24       42     18        6    Three
of delivery                                                                 of delivery staff
                                                                            Level of congruence
Behavior and mannerism                                                      between time taken to
                              57     29       14     16        4    Four
of delivery staff                                                           deliver the services and
                                                                            stipulated time
Level of congruence
between time taken to                                                       Quality and sophistication
                              44     36       22     10        10    Five
deliver the services and                                                    of delivery
stipulated time
                                           Anova: Single Factor

     SUMMARY
           Groups              Count          Sum    Average Variance
     Row 1                             5         120       24      774
     Row 2                             5         120       24      454
     Row 3                             5         120       24      180
     Row 4                             5         120       24    419.5
     Row 5                             5         122     24.4    234.8



     ANOVA
     Source of Variation        SS             df            MS        F     P-value   F crit
     Between Groups               0.64               4         0.16 0.000388        1 2.866081
     Within Groups              8249.2              20       412.46

     Total                     8249.84              24

       The F Value is much less than the critical or table value which shows that customers
consider all the attributes as important while rating their satisfaction. Therefore the hypothesis
that customers consider all the attributes important while rating their satisfaction stands accepted.
The difference in the sample is due to random sampling error.
RANK OF BANK
     ATTRIBUTES
                                  1             2           3             4            5
Timeliness of service
                                 SBI         HDFC             ICICI   ANDHRA         BOB
delivery
Sharing of status while
                                BOB        ANDHRA             SBI       ICICI        HDFC
work-in-progress
Quality and sophistication
                                 SBI          BOB             ICICI   ANDHRA         HDFC
of delivery
Behavior and mannerism
                                ICICI        HDFC        ANDHRA          SBI         BOB
of delivery staff
Level of congruence
between time taken to
                             ANDHRA           ICICI           HDFC       SBI         BOB
deliver the services and
stipulated time


The above table ranks the banks in the sample on the basis of the data obtained from their
customers. In terms of timeliness of the service delivery and quality and sophistication of
delivery the State Bank of India is at the top. In terms of behavior and mannerism the ICICI bank
is leading the others. Bank of Baroda is at the highest level in terms of sharing the status of
service with the customers. Looking at Level of congruence between time taken to deliver the
services and stipulated time the Andhra Bank is at the top.
C. SERVICE EXPERIENCE-

                                        NO OF
                                                                                     RANKING
     ATTRIBUTES                      RESPONDENTS
                                                                            (Based on Weighted Average)
                               1      2   3   4                      5
Level of service quality                                                           Level of need fulfillment
                              26         10      22        34        28     One
vis-à-vis expectation                                                              vis-à-vis expected
Level of need fulfillment                                                          Level of service quality
                              64         36      14        4         2      Two
vis-à-vis expected                                                                 vis-à-vis expectation


                                              Anova: Single Factor

      SUMMARY
          Groups              Count             Sum    Average Variance
      Row 1                              5         120       24      80
      Row 2                              5         120       24     682



      ANOVA
      Source of Variation      SS                df             MS           F      P-value   F crit
      Between Groups                  0                1           0              0        1 5.317655
      Within Groups                3048                8         381

      Total                        3048                9

       The F Value is much less than the critical or table value which shows that customers
consider all the attributes as important while rating their satisfaction. Therefore the hypothesis
that customers consider all the attributes important while rating their satisfaction stands accepted.
The difference in the sample is due to random sampling error.

                                                                RANK OF BANK
     ATTRIBUTES
                                     1                 2              3                4            5
Level of service quality
                                   ICICI              SBI                 HDFC     ANDHRA         BOB
vis-à-vis expectation
Level of need fulfillment
                                   SBI                ICICI          ANDHRA          BOB          HDFC
vis-à-vis expected


The above table shows that in terms of expected versus actual quality ICICI bank is able to
satisfy the customers the most whereas the State Bank of India is able to fulfill the expected
needs of the customers in a better manner.
D. RELATIONSHIP EXPERIENCE-

                                       NO OF
                                                                            RANKING
     ATTRIBUTES                     RESPONDENTS
                                                                   (Based on Weighted Average)
                               1     2   3   4               5
Frequency and quality of                                                  Frequency and quality of
                              58      28      14        16   4    One
contact                                                                   contact
Knowledge of company                                                      Knowledge of company
products and customer         42      38      22        12   8    Two     products and customer
opportunities                                                             opportunities
Conduct and                                                               Conduct and
Communication of              24      28      18        28   22   Three   Communication of
relationship person                                                       relationship person


                                           Anova: Single Factor

      SUMMARY
           Groups             Count          Sum    Average Variance
      Row 1                           5         120       24      434
      Row 2                           5         122     24.4    230.8
      Row 3                           5         120       24       18



      ANOVA
      Source of Variation    SS               df        MS        F     P-value   F crit
      Between Groups      0.533333                  2 0.266667 0.001172 0.998829 3.885294
      Within Groups         2731.2                 12    227.6

      Total                  2731.733              14

       The F Value is much less than the critical or table value which shows that customers
consider all the attributes as important while rating their satisfaction. Therefore the hypothesis
that customers consider all the attributes important while rating their satisfaction stands accepted.
The difference in the sample is due to random sampling error.
RANK OF BANK
     ATTRIBUTES
                                  1             2           3              4             5
Frequency and quality of
                               HDFC           ICICI      ANDHRA          BOB            SBI
contact
Knowledge of company
products and customer           ICICI          SBI         HDFC          BOB        ANDHRA
opportunities
Conduct and
Communication of                ICICI         BOB           SBI        ANDHRA         HDFC
relationship person


The above table ranks the banks in the sample on the basis of the data obtained from their
customers. In terms of frequency and quality of contact the HDFC bank is at the top. In terms of
knowledge of the company products and conduct and communication of the relationship person
the ICICI bank is leading the others.

This again shows that private sector banks are able to give a good relationship experience to their
customers as compared to the public sector banks.
E. GRIEVANCE HANDLING-

                                        NO OF
                                                                                  RANKING
     ATTRIBUTES                      RESPONDENTS
                                                                         (Based on Weighted Average)
                                1     2   3   4                    5
Timeliness of complaint                                                         Quality of complaint
                               30      24      42        18        6    One
resolution                                                                      resolution
Quality of complaint                                                            Level of iterations till the
                               56      30      14        16        4    Two
resolution                                                                      complaint was resolved
                                                                                Knowledge and empathy
Level of iterations till the
                               44      36      22        11        9    Three   of the customer servicing
complaint was resolved
                                                                                staff
Knowledge and empathy
                                                                                Timeliness of complaint
of the customer servicing      24      28      18        28        22   Four
                                                                                resolution
staff


                                            Anova: Single Factor

       SUMMARY
           Groups              Count          Sum    Average Variance
       Row 1                           5         120       24      180
       Row 2                           5         120       24      406
       Row 3                           5         122     24.4    235.3
       Row 4                           5         120       24       18



       ANOVA
      Source of Variation       SS             df             MS     F     P-value   F crit
       Between Groups              0.6               3        0.2 0.000953 0.999958 3.238872
       Within Groups            3357.2              16    209.825

       Total                    3357.8              19

        The F Value is much less than the critical or table value which shows that customers
consider all the attributes as important while rating their satisfaction. Therefore the hypothesis
that customers consider all the attributes important while rating their satisfaction stands accepted.
The difference in the sample is due to random sampling error.
RANK OF BANK
     ATTRIBUTES
                                   1             2          3                4             5
Timeliness of complaint
                                ICICI           SBI         HDFC        ANDHRA           BOB
resolution
Quality of complaint
                                  SBI          BOB        ANDHRA           ICICI        HDFC
resolution
Level of iterations till the
                                ICICI         HDFC            SBI          BOB        ANDHRA
complaint was resolved
Knowledge and empathy
of the customer servicing       ICICI         HDFC           BOB            SBI       ANDHRA
staff


The above table ranks the banks in the sample on the basis of the data obtained from their
customers. In terms of timeliness of the complaint resolution, level of iterations till the complaint
is resolved and knowledge and empathy of the customer servicing staff the ICICI bank ranks the
highest. In terms of quality of complaint resolution the State bank of India rank the highest.

    F. OVERALL SATISFACTION- In terms of overall satisfaction the ICICI bank is rated
        the highest by the customers followed by State bank of India, HDFC bank, Bank of
        Baroda and at the last Andhra Bank.
Annexure - I
                              Questionnaire for Study


1. NAME ______________________________


2. E-MAIL ___________________________________________


3. Please tick mark-
I. AGE: Below 30        [ ]     30 – 40     [ ]         40 – 50   [ ]     50 and above   [ ]
II. GENDER:      Male [ ]        Female     [ ]
III. INCOME:   < 200,000 [ ]     200,000-300,000 [ ] 300.000-400,000 [ ] 400,000 > [ ]
IV. OCCUPATION:           Salaried [ ]    Businessman [ ] Professional [ ] Housewife [ ]
V. QUALIFICATION:                Below graduate [ ]        Graduate [ ]   Above Graduate [ ]
VI. MARITAL STATUS:              Married          [ ]      Unmarried      [ ]


4. To which bank you are the Customer_____________________________________


5. Form how much time you are with the bank______________


6. Which products/services you are taking from the bank-
   [ ] Fixed Deposits     [ ] Current Account              [ ] Other


6. Which environmental forces influenced you the most to select your bank?
   [ ] Ownership/Reputation      [ ] Nearness [ ] Commercials             [ ] Friends/Family
GIVE MARKS OUT OF 5 TO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING ATTRIBUTES BASED ON
YOUR SATISFACTION FROM SERVICES OF THE BANKS-


Give: 1 for Highly Satisfied
Give: 2 for Satisfied
Give: 3 for Moderately Satisfied / Unmarked
Give: 4 for Dissatisfied
Give: 5 for Not at all Satisfied
Please Refer Example-          Grade Service Quality                  4


                                   INITIAL EXPERIENCE

   1. Level of product Knowledge of bank staff                     

   2. Quality of response to customer queries on product/service   

   3. Understanding of customer’s needs and unique perspective     

   4. Availability and quality of brochures, sales material        

   5. Presentation, Communication and Mannerism of staff           



                           SERVICE DELIVERY EXPERIENCE

   1. Timeliness of service delivery                               

   2. Sharing of status while work-in-progress                     

   3. Quality and sophistication of delivery                       

   4. Behavior and mannerism of delivery staff                     

   5. Level of congruence between time taken to deliver            
      the services and stipulated time
SERVICE EXPERIENCE

  1. Level of service quality vis-à-vis expectation.            

  2. Level of need fulfillment vis-à-vis expected               



                          RELATIONSHIP EXPERIENCE

  1. Frequency and quality of contact                           

  2. Knowledge of company products and customer opportunities   

  3. Conduct and Communication of relationship person           



                              GRIEVANCE HANDLING

  1. Timeliness of complaint resolution                         

  2. Quality of complaint resolution                            

  3. Level of iterations till the complaint was resolved        

  4. Knowledge and empathy of the customer servicing staff      



OVERALL SATISFACTION-                                           
Thank You

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Customer satisfaction survey on banks

  • 1. A Study on “Customer Satisfaction Survey on Banks” Submitted to the School of Management Studies University of Hyderabad In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration Under the Guidance of Dr. Chetan Srivastava Lecturer, School of Management Studies University of Hyderabad By Ankit Singh 08MBMA12
  • 2. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project work entitled “Customer Satisfaction Survey on Banks” has been carried out and submitted by Mr. Ankit Singh under my guidance in partial fulfillment of his Masters Of Business Administration at SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, UNIVERSITY of HYDERABAD. Date: 21/04/09 Dr. Chetan Srivastava Assistant Professor School Of Management Studies University Of Hyderabad
  • 3. DECLARATION This to declare that the project title “Customer Satisfaction Survey on Banks” is an authentic record of my original work carried out under the guidance of Dr. Chetan Srivastava, Assistant Professor in Marketing, School of Management Studies, University of Hyderabad. The project work has been carried out solely for the purpose of submission in partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration at School of Management Studies, University of Hyderabad. I further declare that I have not submitted this document to any other School, University, or Institution in whatever manner. Date - Ankit Singh 08MBMA12
  • 4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I express my gratitude to my project guide Dr. Chetan Srivastava, Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies, University of Hyderabad. His able guidance at each step of the project helped me to broaden my outlook on the project and in successful completion of the project. I shall always remember his polite way of correction and constant encouragement by asking various questions. I convey my regards and special thanks to Dr. V. Venkata Ramana, Professor and Dean, School of Management Studies, University of Hyderabad for giving me this opportunity for doing this project. I specially thank all the faculty members of the School of Management Studies for having equipped me with the skills and the ability through their inputs, which assisted me in the completion of the project. I wish to thank all those people who have directly or indirectly been instrumental in successful completion of this project work. Finally, I would like to thank my Parents, Family, Friends, Colleagues and God Almighty for their unending inspiration and encouragement.
  • 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I express my gratitude to my project guide Dr. Chetan Srivastava, Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies, University of Hyderabad. His able guidance at each step of the project helped me to broaden my outlook on the project and in successful completion of the project. I shall always remember his polite way of correction and constant encouragement by asking various questions. I convey my regards and special thanks to Dr. V. Venkata Ramana, Professor and Dean, School of Management Studies, University of Hyderabad for giving me this opportunity for doing this project. I specially thank all the faculty members of the School of Management Studies for having equipped me with the skills and the ability through their inputs, which assisted me in the completion of the project. I wish to thank all those people who have directly or indirectly been instrumental in successful completion of this project work. Finally, I would like to thank my Parents, Family, Friends, Colleagues and God Almighty for their unending inspiration and encouragement.
  • 6. 1. Executive Summary The report contains the brief description of the Banking Industry in India. It contains the findings and analysis of the survey conducted to gather primary data to judge the importance of various attributes that influence the satisfaction of customers in different manner and to the different extent. These attributes are classified as Initial Experience, Service Delivery Experience, Service Experience, Relationship Experience, and Grievance Handling. Further an attempt has been made to know the overall satisfaction of the customers. The attempt has also been made to categorize investors based on various demographic factors such as age, income, etc. and to present a comparative analysis of the various demographic factors. The size of the sample is limited to 120 only. More than 50 % of the respondents are using fixed deposits and saving bank account services of the banks. The highest number of respondents belongs to State Bank of India Group followed by ICICI Bank, Andhra Bank, HDFC Bank and Bank of Baroda Respectively. More than 40% of the respondents are the customers of the bank from more than 10 years. Nearness to bank is the most important factor affecting the choice of more than 30% followed by reputation of the bank which holds more than 25% of the share. The data relating to customer satisfaction is analyzed using Analysis of Variance. The analysis shows that customers give equal importance to all the attributes under each classification to rank their satisfaction. The attributes under each category are ranked according to their Weighted Average Mean. In terms of Initial Experience, Quality of response to customer queries is considered most important to judge the customer satisfaction and ICICI bank is at the top on this criteria. In terms of Service Delivery Experience, Timeliness of service delivery is ranked most important and SBI is at the top. In terms of Service Experience, Level of need fulfillment vis-à-vis expected is considered most important and SBI is again at the top. In terms of Relationship Experience, Frequency and quality of contact is considered most important and HDFC bank is leading the other banks. Finally in terms of Grievance Handling, Quality of complaint resolution is considered to be most important and SBI is again leading in on this criteria.
  • 7. 2. Table of Contents Certificate Declaration Acknowledgements 1. Executive Summary 1 2. Table of Contents 2 3. History of Indian Banking Industry 8-9 4. Background and Need for Study 10 5. Statement of Problem 10-11 6. Objective of Study 12 7. Testable Hypothesis 13 8. Limitations of Study 13 9. Theoretical Framework 14 10. Literature Review 15-22 11. Research Methodology (a) Designing of Questionnaire 23-24 (b) Duration of Study 24 (c) Sample Selection 24 12. Data Collection and Analysis 24-35 13.Findings of the Study 64-65 14.Suggestions 66-67 15.Bibliography and References 68 16.Annexure I-II 69-72
  • 8. 3. HISTORY OF THE INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY The first bank in India, though conservative, was established in 1786. From 1786 till today, the journey of Indian Banking System can be segregated into three distinct phases. They are as mentioned below- First Phase – The General Bank of India was set up in the year 1786. The East India Company established Bank of Bengal (1809), Bank of Bombay (1840) and Bank of Madras (1843) as independent units and called it Presidency Banks. These three banks were amalgamated in 1920 and Imperial Bank of India was established which started as private shareholders banks, mostly Europeans. In 1865 Allahabad Bank was established and first time exclusively by Indians. Then Punjab National Bank Ltd. was set up in 1894 with headquarters at Lahore. Between 1906 and 1913, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Indian Bank, and Bank of Mysore were set up. The Reserve Bank of India the central bank of India came in 1935. During the first phase the growth was very slow and banks also experienced periodic failures between 1913 and 1948. There were approximately 1100 banks, mostly small. To streamline the functioning and activities of commercial banks, the Government of India came up with The Banking Companies Act, 1949 which was later changed to Banking Regulation Act 1949 as per amending Act of 1965 (Act No. 23 of 1965). Reserve Bank of India was vested with extensive powers for the supervision of banking in india as the Central Banking Authority. Second Phase – Government took major steps in this Indian Banking Sector Reform after independence. In 1955, it nationalised Imperial Bank of India with extensive banking facilities on a large scale especially in rural and semi-urban areas. It formed State Bank of india to act as the principal agent of RBI and to handle banking transactions of the Union and State Governments all over the country. Before the steps of nationalisation of Indian banks, only State Bank of India (SBI) was nationalised. It took place in July 1955 under the SBI Act of 1955. Nationalisation of Seven State Banks of India (formed subsidiary) took place on 19th July, 1960.
  • 9. In 1969, major process of nationalisation was carried out. 14 major commercial banks in the country were nationalised. Second phase of nationalisation Indian Banking Sector Reform was carried out in 1980. Seven more banks were nationalised with deposits over 200 crores. This step brought 80% of the banking segment in India under Government ownership. Third Phase – This phase has introduced many more products and facilities in the banking sector in its reforms measure. In 1991, under the chairmanship of M Narasimham, a committee was set up by his name which worked for the liberalisation of banking practices. The country is flooded with foreign banks and their ATM stations. Efforts are being put to give a satisfactory service to customers. Phone banking and net banking is introduced. The entire system became more convenient and swift. Time is given more importance than money. Steps taken by Government to regulate banking institutins in the country-  1949- Enactment of Banking Regulation Act  1955- nationalization of State Bank of India  1959- nationalization of State Bank of India’s Subsidiaries  1961- Insurance cover extended to deposits  1969- Nationalisation of major 14 banks  1971- Creation of Credit Gurantee Corporation  1975- Creation of regional Rural Banks  1980- Nationalisation of 7 Banks with deposits over 200 crores Public sector banks in India- There are 26 public sector banks in India. These include the following- State Bank of India, State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur, State Bank of Hyderabad ,State Bank of Indore, State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Patiala, State Bank of Saurashtra, State Bank of Travancore, Andhra Bank, Allahabad Bank, Bank of Baroda, Bank of India , Bank of Maharashtra, Canara Bank, Central Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Dena Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Indian Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Punjab National Bank, Punjab and Sind Bank, Syndicate Bank, Union Bank of India, United Bank of India UCO Bank, and Vijaya Bank.
  • 10. Private sector banks in India- There are 9 private sector banks in India. These include the following- Vysya Bank Ltd, Axis Bank Ltd, Indusind Bank Ltd, ICICI Banking Corporation Bank Ltd Global Trust Bank Ltd, HDFC Bank Ltd, Centurion Bank Ltd, Bank of Punjab Ltd IDBI Bank Ltd. Foreign banks in India- There are 12 foreign banks in India. These include the following- American Express Bank Ltd, ANZ Gridlays Bank Plc, Bank of America NT & SA, Bank of Tokyo Ltd, Banquc Nationale de Paris, Barclays Bank Plc, Citi Bank NC, Deutsche Bank AG, Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Standard Chartered Bank, The Chase Manhattan Bank Ltd, Dresdner Bank AG.
  • 11. 4. BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE STUDY- Modern management science’s philosophy considers customer satisfaction as a baseline standard of performance and a possible standard of excellence for any business organization. Customer satisfaction measurement provides a sense of achievement and accomplishment for all employees involved in any stage of the customer service process. In this way, satisfaction measurement motivates people to perform and achieve higher levels of productivity. To reinforce customer orientation on a day-to-day basis, a growing number of companies choose customer satisfaction as their main performance indicator. It is almost impossible, however, to keep an entire company permanently motivated by a notion as abstract and intangible as customer satisfaction. Therefore, customer satisfaction must be translated into a number of measurable parameters which the customers consider the most for rating their satisfaction. Customer retention is an important element of banking strategy in today’s increasingly competitive environment where banks are not only competing with their peers but also with the non-banks and other financial institutions and the customer retention is possible only with the customer satisfaction. Bank management must identify and improve upon factors that provide satisfaction to customers. These include employee performance and professionalism, willingness to solve problems, friendliness, level of knowledge, communication skills, and selling skills, among others. Several studies have emphasized the significance of customer satisfaction in the banking industry. Most bank product developments are easy to duplicate and when banks provide nearly identical services, they can only distinguish themselves on the basis of price and quality. Therefore, customer satisfaction and retention is potentially an effective tool that banks can use to gain a strategic advantage and survive in today’s ever-increasing banking competitive environment. Also the customer retention is important because cost of acquiring new customers is more than the cost of maintaining existing customers. Also long-term customers if satisfied may generate positive word-of-mouth promotion for the company. Therefore by satisfying customers the banks can increase their profits and gain a strategic presence in the market.
  • 12. 5. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM- The “expectations” of customers influence their buying behavior. The customers relate this expectation to the quality of service provided by the banks. The level of expectation differs from person to person but everyone wants the banks to provide the products and services which can satisfy their needs up to their expected level or to a higher level so as to offer them a higher satisfaction. The level of satisfaction of customers is affected by some other attributes also other than the quality of service such as their experience with the bank employees etc. As there is a huge competition in the banking sector in India, the customer satisfaction is an important factor in the success of the banks. So with this background an attempt has been made to study the satisfaction of the customers of various banks taking into consideration some important attributes which customers consider for rating their satisfaction with a particular bank. 6. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY- The customers do not evaluate all possible attributes while rating their satisfaction, but the marketer’s search is for identification of “The key buying criteria” or “The key choice criteria” or “determinant attributes’ which are defined as certain features of a service that affects the customer satisfaction. The study has the following specific objectives- a. To judge the importance of attributes that influence customers’ satisfaction with a particular bank. b. To compare the satisfaction levels of private and public sector banks. 7. TESTABLE HYPOTHESIS- The following hypothesis is made in the study- a) The customers give equal importance to all the attributes related to initial experience, service delivery experience, service experience, relationship experience and grievance handling in determining their satisfaction level. b) The private sector banks are able to bring greater satisfaction to the customers than public sector banks.
  • 13. 8. LIMITATIONS OF STUDY- 1. Sample size was limited to 120 only. The sample size may not represent whole market. 2. The study has not been conducted over an extended period of time considering both market ups and downs. The market state has a significant influence on the satisfaction level of customers. The study cannot capture such situations. 3. This study is limited to the customers of Hyderabad only. Therefore the inferences cannot be generalized. 4. A few respondents were not able to understand some of the terms of the questionnaire which may affect the study to a little extent.
  • 14. 9. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK- According to Philip Kotler, “satisfaction is a person’s feelings of pressure or disappointment resulting from product’s perceived performance (outcome) in relation to his or her expectations. Customer satisfaction is the level of a person’s felt state resulting from comparing a product’s perceived performance (outcome) in relation to the person’s expectations”. This satisfaction level is a function of difference between perceived performance and expectations. If the product’s performance, exceed expectation the customer highly satisfied or delighted. If the performance matches the expectations the customer is satisfied. If the products performance fall shorts of expectations the customer is dissatisfied. Many companies are aiming for high satisfaction because customers who are just satisfied still find it easy to switch when a better offer comes along. High satisfaction or delight creates an emotional affinity with brand. Variety of factors that affect customer satisfaction includes product quality, product availability and after sales support such as warranties and services. Customer satisfaction is seen as a proof of delivering a quality product or service. It is believed that customer satisfaction brings sales growth, and market share. A company can always increase customer satisfaction by lowering its price or increasing its services but this may result in lower profits. Thus the purpose of marketing is to generate customer value profitability. The two major factors of marketing are the recruitment of new customers (acquisition) and the retention and expansion of relationships with existing customers (base management). All this is possible only when the customers are satisfied with the companies. Companies use the following methods to measure customer satisfaction- a. Complaints and suggestion system- The companies obtain complaints and suggestions through the customer service centers. b. Customer satisfaction surveys- The companies send questionnaires to random sample of their customers to find out how they feel about various aspects of the company’s performance and also solicit views on their competitor’s performance. c. Lost Customer Analysis- The companies contact customers who have stopped buying or who have switched to another supplier to learn why this happened.
  • 15. 10. LITERATURE REVIEW- Previous studies have identified the benefits that customer satisfaction delivers to an organization. The longer a customer stays with an organisation the more utility the customer generates (Reichheld and Sasser, 1990). In businesses where the underlying products have become commodity-like, quality of service depends heavily on the quality of its personnel. This is well documented in a study by Leeds (1992), who documented that approximately 40 percent of customers switched banks because of what they considered to be poor service. Leeds further argued that nearly three-quarters of the banking customers mentioned teller courtesy as a prime consideration in choosing a bank. The study also showed that increased use of service quality/sales and professional behaviours (such as formal greetings) improved customer satisfaction and reduced customer attrition. Reichheld (1996) suggests that unsatisfied customers may choose not to defect, because they do not expect to receive better service elsewhere. Additionally, satisfied customers may look for other providers because they believe they might receive better service elsewhere. However, keeping customers is also dependent on a number of other factors. Fornell (1992), in his study of Swedish consumers, notes that although customer satisfaction and quality appear to be important for all firms, satisfaction is more important for loyalty in industries such as banks, insurance, mail order, and automobiles. Ioanna (2002) further proposed that service quality is an imperative element impacting customers’ satisfaction level in the banking industry. To compete successfully in today’s competitive marketplace, banks must focus on understanding the needs, attitudes, satisfactions and behavioural patterns of the market (Kaynak and Kucukemiroglu, 1992). Consumers evaluate a number of criteria when choosing a bank. Kucukemiroglu's (1992) study of the Hong Kong banking market discovered that customers choose their banks because of convenience, long association, recommendations of friends and relatives, and accessibility to credit.
  • 16. 11. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (a) Designing of Questionnaire- To understand the savings preference, bank preference, services taken, time period since becoming customer, and to identify the information sources influencing bank selection, a questionnaire (ANNEXURE I) was designed and the respondents were asked to mark their preferences on a ranking scale. The questionnaire also contains 19 factors that affect the customer satisfaction. These factors are divided into 5 major groups – Initial Experience, Service Delivery Experience, Service Experience, Relationship Experience and Grievance Handling. Also the customers were asked to rate their overall satisfaction on a 5 point scale ranging from Highly Satisfied (1) to not at all Satisfied (5). These factors are as follows- (A) Initial Experience- 1. Level of product Knowledge with bank staff 2. Quality of response to customer queries on product/service 3. Understanding of customer’s needs and unique perspective 4. Availability and quality of brochures, sales material 5. Presentation, Communication and Mannerism of staff (B) Service Delivery Experience- 1. Timeliness of service delivery 2. Sharing of status while work-in-progress 3. Quality and sophistication of delivery 4. Behavior and mannerism of delivery staff 5. Level of congruence between time taken to deliver the services and stipulated time (C) Service Experience- 1. Level of service quality vis-à-vis expectation 2. Level of need fulfillment vis-à-vis expected (D) Relationship Experience- 1. Frequency and quality of contact 2. Knowledge of company products and customer opportunities 3. Conduct and Communication of relationship person
  • 17. (E) Grievance Handling- 1. Timeliness of complaint resolution 2. Quality of complaint resolution 3. Level of of iterations till the complaint was resolved 4. Knowledge and empathy of the customer servicing staff (F) Overall Satisfaction- The overall satisfaction of customers. (b) Duration of Study- The survey is conducted for a period of three months starting from January 2010 to March 2010. (c) Sample Selection- The survey is conducted on 120 persons out of whom 37 respondents are the customers of SBI, 21 of ICICI, 13 of Andhra Bank, 12 of HDFC Bank, 17 of Bank of Baroda, and rest were of other banks. The sample for study includes 24 Government Employees, 44 Private Sector Employees, 35 Self-Professionals, and 21 housewives so as to get effective results. The survey was conducted in certain areas of Hyderabad. 12. Data Collection and Analysis- The report is based on primary data only. Primary data was collected through the above designed Questionnaire using telephone calls, e-mails and also personally interviewing the respondents. The data is analyzed using the correlation analysis, chi- square test and analysis of variance. The profile of the investors is given below-
  • 18. INVESTOR PROFILE INVESTOR PROFILE NO. OF RESPONDENTS SEX Male 83 Female 37 AGE Below 30 25 30-40 42 40-50 32 50 and above 21 OCCUPATION Salaried 68 Businessman/Professional 35 Housewives 21 ANNUAL INCOME Below 2,00,000 31 2,00,000-3,00,000 46 3,00,000-4,00,000 23 Above 4,00,000 20 PRODUCTS Fixed Deposits 27 Saving Account 42 Current Account 35 Other 16 BANKS State Bank Group 37 ICICI Bank 21 Andhra Bank 13 HDFC Bank 12 Bank of Baroda 18 Other Banks 19 RELATIONSHIP WITH BANK Less than 3 Year 21 3-5 Years 25 5-10 Years 23 More Than 10 Years 51 FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE Ownership/ Reputation 31 Nearness/Accessibility 42 Commercials 24 Friends/Family 23
  • 19. A. INITIAL EXPERIENCE- NO OF RANKING ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS (Based on Weighted Average) 1 2 3 4 5 Level of product Quality of response to 42 32 24 14 8 One Knowledge of bank staff customer queries Understanding of Quality of response to 50 34 22 12 2 Two customer’s needs and customer queries unique perspective Understanding of Presentation, customer’s needs and 48 40 18 6 8 Three Communication and unique perspective Mannerism of staff Availability and quality of Level of product 26 32 20 24 18 Four brochures, sales material Knowledge of bank staff Presentation, Availability and quality of Communication and 38 40 32 8 2 Five brochures, sales material Mannerism of staff Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Row 1 5 120 24 186 Row 2 5 120 24 352 Row 3 5 120 24 362 Row 4 5 120 24 30 Row 5 5 120 24 314 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 0 4 0 0 1 2.86608 Within Groups 4976 20 248.8 Total 4976 24 The F Value is much less than the critical or table value which shows that customers consider all the attributes as important while rating their satisfaction. Therefore the hypothesis that customers consider all the attributes important while rating their satisfaction stands accepted. The difference in the sample is due to random sampling error.
  • 20. RANK OF BANK ATTRIBUTES 1 2 3 4 5 Level of product ICICI HDFC SBI BOB ANDHRA Knowledge of bank staff Quality of response to ICICI HDFC ANDHRA SBI BOB customer queries Understanding of customer’s needs and ICICI SBI ANDHRA HDFC BOB unique perspective Availability and quality of HDFC ICICI SBI BOB ANDHRA brochures, sales material Presentation, Communication and ICICI ANDHRA ANDHRA BOB SBI Mannerism of staff The above table ranks the banks in the sample on the basis of the data obtained from their customers. In terms of Level of product Knowledge of bank staff, quality of response to customer queries, understanding of customer’s needs and unique perspective, Presentation, Communication and Mannerism of staff the ICICI bank ranks higher. In terms of Availability and quality of brochures, sales material the HDFC bank is at the top. It clearly shows that the private sector banks are able to offer a good initial experience to the customers when compared with the public sector banks.
  • 21. B. SERVICE DELIVERY EXPERIENCE- NO OF RANKING ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS (Based on Weighted Average) 1 2 3 4 5 Timeliness of service Timeliness of service 64 42 10 4 0 One delivery delivery Sharing of status while Sharing of status while 58 28 20 12 2 Two work-in-progress work-in-progress Quality and sophistication Behavior and mannerism 30 24 42 18 6 Three of delivery of delivery staff Level of congruence Behavior and mannerism between time taken to 57 29 14 16 4 Four of delivery staff deliver the services and stipulated time Level of congruence between time taken to Quality and sophistication 44 36 22 10 10 Five deliver the services and of delivery stipulated time Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Row 1 5 120 24 774 Row 2 5 120 24 454 Row 3 5 120 24 180 Row 4 5 120 24 419.5 Row 5 5 122 24.4 234.8 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 0.64 4 0.16 0.000388 1 2.866081 Within Groups 8249.2 20 412.46 Total 8249.84 24 The F Value is much less than the critical or table value which shows that customers consider all the attributes as important while rating their satisfaction. Therefore the hypothesis that customers consider all the attributes important while rating their satisfaction stands accepted. The difference in the sample is due to random sampling error.
  • 22. RANK OF BANK ATTRIBUTES 1 2 3 4 5 Timeliness of service SBI HDFC ICICI ANDHRA BOB delivery Sharing of status while BOB ANDHRA SBI ICICI HDFC work-in-progress Quality and sophistication SBI BOB ICICI ANDHRA HDFC of delivery Behavior and mannerism ICICI HDFC ANDHRA SBI BOB of delivery staff Level of congruence between time taken to ANDHRA ICICI HDFC SBI BOB deliver the services and stipulated time The above table ranks the banks in the sample on the basis of the data obtained from their customers. In terms of timeliness of the service delivery and quality and sophistication of delivery the State Bank of India is at the top. In terms of behavior and mannerism the ICICI bank is leading the others. Bank of Baroda is at the highest level in terms of sharing the status of service with the customers. Looking at Level of congruence between time taken to deliver the services and stipulated time the Andhra Bank is at the top.
  • 23. C. SERVICE EXPERIENCE- NO OF RANKING ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS (Based on Weighted Average) 1 2 3 4 5 Level of service quality Level of need fulfillment 26 10 22 34 28 One vis-à-vis expectation vis-à-vis expected Level of need fulfillment Level of service quality 64 36 14 4 2 Two vis-à-vis expected vis-à-vis expectation Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Row 1 5 120 24 80 Row 2 5 120 24 682 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 0 1 0 0 1 5.317655 Within Groups 3048 8 381 Total 3048 9 The F Value is much less than the critical or table value which shows that customers consider all the attributes as important while rating their satisfaction. Therefore the hypothesis that customers consider all the attributes important while rating their satisfaction stands accepted. The difference in the sample is due to random sampling error. RANK OF BANK ATTRIBUTES 1 2 3 4 5 Level of service quality ICICI SBI HDFC ANDHRA BOB vis-à-vis expectation Level of need fulfillment SBI ICICI ANDHRA BOB HDFC vis-à-vis expected The above table shows that in terms of expected versus actual quality ICICI bank is able to satisfy the customers the most whereas the State Bank of India is able to fulfill the expected needs of the customers in a better manner.
  • 24. D. RELATIONSHIP EXPERIENCE- NO OF RANKING ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS (Based on Weighted Average) 1 2 3 4 5 Frequency and quality of Frequency and quality of 58 28 14 16 4 One contact contact Knowledge of company Knowledge of company products and customer 42 38 22 12 8 Two products and customer opportunities opportunities Conduct and Conduct and Communication of 24 28 18 28 22 Three Communication of relationship person relationship person Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Row 1 5 120 24 434 Row 2 5 122 24.4 230.8 Row 3 5 120 24 18 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 0.533333 2 0.266667 0.001172 0.998829 3.885294 Within Groups 2731.2 12 227.6 Total 2731.733 14 The F Value is much less than the critical or table value which shows that customers consider all the attributes as important while rating their satisfaction. Therefore the hypothesis that customers consider all the attributes important while rating their satisfaction stands accepted. The difference in the sample is due to random sampling error.
  • 25. RANK OF BANK ATTRIBUTES 1 2 3 4 5 Frequency and quality of HDFC ICICI ANDHRA BOB SBI contact Knowledge of company products and customer ICICI SBI HDFC BOB ANDHRA opportunities Conduct and Communication of ICICI BOB SBI ANDHRA HDFC relationship person The above table ranks the banks in the sample on the basis of the data obtained from their customers. In terms of frequency and quality of contact the HDFC bank is at the top. In terms of knowledge of the company products and conduct and communication of the relationship person the ICICI bank is leading the others. This again shows that private sector banks are able to give a good relationship experience to their customers as compared to the public sector banks.
  • 26. E. GRIEVANCE HANDLING- NO OF RANKING ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS (Based on Weighted Average) 1 2 3 4 5 Timeliness of complaint Quality of complaint 30 24 42 18 6 One resolution resolution Quality of complaint Level of iterations till the 56 30 14 16 4 Two resolution complaint was resolved Knowledge and empathy Level of iterations till the 44 36 22 11 9 Three of the customer servicing complaint was resolved staff Knowledge and empathy Timeliness of complaint of the customer servicing 24 28 18 28 22 Four resolution staff Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Row 1 5 120 24 180 Row 2 5 120 24 406 Row 3 5 122 24.4 235.3 Row 4 5 120 24 18 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 0.6 3 0.2 0.000953 0.999958 3.238872 Within Groups 3357.2 16 209.825 Total 3357.8 19 The F Value is much less than the critical or table value which shows that customers consider all the attributes as important while rating their satisfaction. Therefore the hypothesis that customers consider all the attributes important while rating their satisfaction stands accepted. The difference in the sample is due to random sampling error.
  • 27. RANK OF BANK ATTRIBUTES 1 2 3 4 5 Timeliness of complaint ICICI SBI HDFC ANDHRA BOB resolution Quality of complaint SBI BOB ANDHRA ICICI HDFC resolution Level of iterations till the ICICI HDFC SBI BOB ANDHRA complaint was resolved Knowledge and empathy of the customer servicing ICICI HDFC BOB SBI ANDHRA staff The above table ranks the banks in the sample on the basis of the data obtained from their customers. In terms of timeliness of the complaint resolution, level of iterations till the complaint is resolved and knowledge and empathy of the customer servicing staff the ICICI bank ranks the highest. In terms of quality of complaint resolution the State bank of India rank the highest. F. OVERALL SATISFACTION- In terms of overall satisfaction the ICICI bank is rated the highest by the customers followed by State bank of India, HDFC bank, Bank of Baroda and at the last Andhra Bank.
  • 28. Annexure - I Questionnaire for Study 1. NAME ______________________________ 2. E-MAIL ___________________________________________ 3. Please tick mark- I. AGE: Below 30 [ ] 30 – 40 [ ] 40 – 50 [ ] 50 and above [ ] II. GENDER: Male [ ] Female [ ] III. INCOME: < 200,000 [ ] 200,000-300,000 [ ] 300.000-400,000 [ ] 400,000 > [ ] IV. OCCUPATION: Salaried [ ] Businessman [ ] Professional [ ] Housewife [ ] V. QUALIFICATION: Below graduate [ ] Graduate [ ] Above Graduate [ ] VI. MARITAL STATUS: Married [ ] Unmarried [ ] 4. To which bank you are the Customer_____________________________________ 5. Form how much time you are with the bank______________ 6. Which products/services you are taking from the bank- [ ] Fixed Deposits [ ] Current Account [ ] Other 6. Which environmental forces influenced you the most to select your bank? [ ] Ownership/Reputation [ ] Nearness [ ] Commercials [ ] Friends/Family
  • 29. GIVE MARKS OUT OF 5 TO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING ATTRIBUTES BASED ON YOUR SATISFACTION FROM SERVICES OF THE BANKS- Give: 1 for Highly Satisfied Give: 2 for Satisfied Give: 3 for Moderately Satisfied / Unmarked Give: 4 for Dissatisfied Give: 5 for Not at all Satisfied Please Refer Example- Grade Service Quality  4 INITIAL EXPERIENCE 1. Level of product Knowledge of bank staff  2. Quality of response to customer queries on product/service  3. Understanding of customer’s needs and unique perspective  4. Availability and quality of brochures, sales material  5. Presentation, Communication and Mannerism of staff  SERVICE DELIVERY EXPERIENCE 1. Timeliness of service delivery  2. Sharing of status while work-in-progress  3. Quality and sophistication of delivery  4. Behavior and mannerism of delivery staff  5. Level of congruence between time taken to deliver  the services and stipulated time
  • 30. SERVICE EXPERIENCE 1. Level of service quality vis-à-vis expectation.  2. Level of need fulfillment vis-à-vis expected  RELATIONSHIP EXPERIENCE 1. Frequency and quality of contact  2. Knowledge of company products and customer opportunities  3. Conduct and Communication of relationship person  GRIEVANCE HANDLING 1. Timeliness of complaint resolution  2. Quality of complaint resolution  3. Level of iterations till the complaint was resolved  4. Knowledge and empathy of the customer servicing staff  OVERALL SATISFACTION- 