Structure & Function of Human Brain

1. IF YOU NEVER FAILED ,
YOU NEVER TRIED ANYTHING NEW .
BY
Ashok Kumar Satpathy
Science Tr. ,Zilla School,Bhadrak
Odisha,India
ashoksatpathy.bdk@gmail.com

2. What You See ??????

3. THE HUMAN BRAIN

4. Objectives
Identify the general structure of the human brain.
Recognize the two hemispheres of the brain.
Identify the differences between right and left
hemispheres.
The function and location of cerebrum, cerebellum and
all four lobes
Function of different parts of the Brain.

5. Introduction
• The human brain is by far the most complex and
highly organized structure of the body.
• This organ allows us to think, move, feel, see, hear,
taste, and smell.
• It controls our body, receives, analyzes, and stores
information.
• The brain produces electrical signals, which, together
with chemical reactions, let the parts of the body
communicate. Nerves send these signals throughout
the body.

6.  Our Brain is protected inside a bony case known as Skull .
 The outer layer of the Brain is Meninges.
 The hollow cavities inside the brain are called as ventricles of Brain.
 The fluid inside the ventricles is Cerebrospinal fluid.
 The Cerebrospinal fluid balances the atmospheric pressure and helps
in transportation of food & oxygen to the brain & waste from the
Brain.
 Weighs 1300 - 1400 g.
 Made up of about 100 billion neurons
 “ The most complex living structure on the universe” Society for
Neuroscience.
 Brain receives 750 ml. blood per minute.
 Makes us who we are .
The BrainThe Brain

7. STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN
BRAIN
Pons
Fore Brain Hind BrainMid Brain
Cerebellum
Medulla
Cerebral hemisphere
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Olfactory Lobe
Diencephalon
Corpora quadrigemina
Pineal Gland

8. Human BrainHuman Brain

9. Longitudinal Fissure
Left hemisphere
Right hemisphere

10. Left and Right Hemispheres

11. Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain. It is
divided into two hemispheres, each of which is
divided into four lobes.

12. Frontal lobe
• It is located deep to the Frontal Bone of the skull.
• It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions:
•Found under your forehead.
•Center of reasoning
•Planning
•Some parts of speech
•Movement (motor cortex)
•Emotions
•Problem solving.

13. Parietal lobe
• It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:
•Found on the top of your head.
•Receives sensory input from the
skin. (touch, pressure, temperature,
& pain)

14. Occipital lobe
•Found at the back of your head.
•Receives input from the eyes
•Often referred to as the visual
cortex
•It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:

15. Temporal lobe
•Found on the sides of your head above
your ears.
•Functions include:
•speech perception
•hearing,
•some types of memory
•It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:

16. THALAMUS
•The thalamus is an olive shaped structure about one inch in length. It serves as a relay
station for impulses traveling to and from the spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum and
cerebrum. It has an important function in directing sensory input to the appropriate place
in the cerebral cortex. Sensory input from the body, the eyes, ears and other senses
(except for smell) pass through the thalamus.
• HYPOTHALAMUS
•The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus. The hypothalamus is an important
center for many critical internal body functions. The hypothalamus monitors water
concentration, hormone concentrations and body temperature. It is associated with
feelings of rage, aggression, hunger and thirst. The hypothalamus also plays an
important role as an intermediary between the nervous system and the endocrine system
(hormones). The hypothalamus has many connections with the pituitary gland and can
produce and regulate hormones.

17. MID BRAIN
The midbrain is located between the
two developmental regions of the
brain known as the forebrain and
hindbrain. The corpora
quadrigemina (Latin for "quadruplet
bodies") are the four colliculi—two
inferior, two superior—located on
the tectum of the dorsal aspect of the
midbrain. They are respectively
named the inferior and superior
colliculus. The corpora
quadrigemina are reflex centers
involving vision and hearing.

18. •Found at the at the back of your head under the cerebrum
•Means “little brain”
•Responsible for movement, balance, posture.
•Responsible for muscular co-ordination .
Pons
The pons is a portion of the brain located above the medulla oblongata and below the
midbrain. Although it is small, at roughly 2.5 centimeters long, it serves several
important functions as it serves as a bridge between various parts of the nervous
system, including the cerebellum and cerebrum.
•This section of the brain helps transfer messages to the spinal cord and the thalamus
in the brain from the body and controls breathing, heart function, blood vessel
function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing. Sensory and motor neurons from the
forebrain and midbrain travel through the medulla.
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
HIND BRAIN

19. Brain Stem : The central trunk of the mammalian brain, consisting of the medulla
oblongata, pons, and midbrain, and continuing downwards to form the spinal cord.
Brain Death : Brain death occurs when a person has an irreversible, catastrophic brain
injury, which causes total cessation of all brain function (the upper brain structure and
brain stem). Brain death is not a coma or persistent vegetative state. Brain death is
determined in the hospital by one or more physicians not associated with a
transplantation team.
Some causes of brain death include :
•Trauma to the brain (i.e. severe head injury caused by a motor vehicle crash, gunshot
wound, fall or blow to the head)
•Cerebrovascular injury (i.e. stroke or aneurysm)
•Anoxia (i.e. drowning or heart attack when the patient is revived, but not before a lack or
blood flow/oxygen to the brain has caused brain death)
•Brain tumor
Brain Stroke : It occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts or, more commonly,
when a blockage develops. Without treatment, cells in the brain quickly begin to die. The
result can be serious disability or death.

20. Thank You