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1. strukt -
A Pattern System for
Integrating Individual and
Organizational Knowledge
Work
Ansgar Scherp
Daniel Eißing
Steffen Staab
scherp@uni-koblenz.de
ISWC, Bonn, Germany
October 26, 2011

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Scenario: Architectural Office

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Goal and Approach
 Goal
 Software system for planning weakly structured
workflows and
 integrating them with structured workflows
 Solution approach
 Integration by means of a core ontology

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Organizational Knowledge Work
 Knowledge from the point of view of the organization
 Business process modeling [Stahlknecht & Hasenkamp’04]
 Goal: make implicit procedural knowledge explicit
 Optimizing processes by means of analysis and
planning
 Business process [Hammer & Champy ‘03], [Abts & Mülder’11]
 Targeted chain of organizational activities
 Defined start/end, measurable input/output
 Added value to the customers
 Structured workflows

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Individual Knowledge Work
 Knowledge from the point of view of the worker
 Characteristics [Schwarz et al. 2001]
 Dynamic (ad-hoc), complexity, self-organization,
interdisciplinary and communication-oriented,
intervals between repetitions
 Not ammenable to explicit planning
 Repeating elements that are worth to capture
 Weakly structured workflows

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Workflow Models and Instances
Workflow model defines
 Activities, alternatives, and participating roles
 Workflow instantiation is the execution under
 Consideration of current workflow parameters
[Schwarz et al. 2001]

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Requirements
a) Weakly structured
workflows (WsW)
b) Structured Workflows
(SW)
c) Integration of WsW
and SW
d) Models & Instances
e) Tools & Planning of
WsW
(1) Weakly Structured
Workflow Pattern
(2) Structured Workflow &
(3) Transition Pattern
(4) Workflow Integration
Pattern
(5) Workflow Model Pattern
(6) Condition Pattern
(7) Resource Pattern
(8) Status Pattern
(9) Scheduling Pattern

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Challenges
 Adaptation of workflow instances at runtime
 Without the need to adapt the workflow model
 Abstract workflow instances to workflow models
 Put workflow instances into context
 Reification
 Descriptions & Situations (DnS) pattern
provided by DOLCE
 Defines context by means of concepts (roles)

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DnS Example: Building Application
Description defines roles
 StructuralEngineer
 ComputeStatics
 CreateGroundplan
 …
 Situation defines objects
tmueller-1 : NaturalPerson
a-compute-statics-1 : Action
a-create-groundplan-1 : Action
…
 DnS pattern
 Clear separation of workflow
models and workflow instances
 Applicable to structured workflows
and weakly structured workflows
 Ontology design patterns of base on DnS
Source: info-bauntrag.de
classifies

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 Execution of „Planning a building construction“
Example: Structured Workflow
 Structured Workflow Pattern + Transition Pattern
Prepare
Application
File
Application …

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Social roles of
the entities
Entities of the
real world
Example: Structured Workflow
 Execution of „Planning a building construction“
 Structured Workflow Pattern + Transition Pattern

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Example: Structured Workflow
 Integration with weakly structured workflow
 Workflow Integration Pattern

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Example: Weakly Structured Workflow
 Activities for preparing a building application using the
Weakly Structured Workflow Pattern

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Axiomatization in Description Logics
 Consistency checking at design time

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Related Work of
Further: KBPI [Dalmaris et al. 2007], KMDL [Gronau et al. 2008],
sEPK + sBPMN [Hepp et al. 2006], and KMO [Holsapple u. Joshi 2004]

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Prototype

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Summary / Discussions
 Young Talent Award of the Knowledge
Management Group Karlsruhe, Germany
Thank you for your attention!
 Why not a more light-weight solution?
 Looking for a good solution, not minimalistic one
 Probably possible to do it more light-weight
 Is this really a pattern-based ontology?
 Pattern: generic solution to recurring problem
 Pattern system: set of patterns related to each
other and designed to be applied together