The DNA base code that corresponds to the mRNA codon AUG recognized by the tRNA with anticodon UAC would be TAC. This is because:- DNA and mRNA are complementary, with T pairing with A and C pairing with G.- The tRNA anticodon pairs with the mRNA codon through complementary base pairing. So if the tRNA anticodon is UAC, it will pair with the mRNA codon AUG. And the corresponding DNA sequence would be the complementary base pair TAC
Ähnlich wie The DNA base code that corresponds to the mRNA codon AUG recognized by the tRNA with anticodon UAC would be TAC. This is because:- DNA and mRNA are complementary, with T pairing with A and C pairing with G.- The tRNA anticodon pairs with the mRNA codon through complementary base pairing. So if the tRNA anticodon is UAC, it will pair with the mRNA codon AUG. And the corresponding DNA sequence would be the complementary base pair TAC
Ähnlich wie The DNA base code that corresponds to the mRNA codon AUG recognized by the tRNA with anticodon UAC would be TAC. This is because:- DNA and mRNA are complementary, with T pairing with A and C pairing with G.- The tRNA anticodon pairs with the mRNA codon through complementary base pairing. So if the tRNA anticodon is UAC, it will pair with the mRNA codon AUG. And the corresponding DNA sequence would be the complementary base pair TAC (20)
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The DNA base code that corresponds to the mRNA codon AUG recognized by the tRNA with anticodon UAC would be TAC. This is because:- DNA and mRNA are complementary, with T pairing with A and C pairing with G.- The tRNA anticodon pairs with the mRNA codon through complementary base pairing. So if the tRNA anticodon is UAC, it will pair with the mRNA codon AUG. And the corresponding DNA sequence would be the complementary base pair TAC
4. Three types of RNA
A. messenger RNA (mRNA)
B. transfer RNA (tRNA)
C. ribosome RNA (rRNA)
5. Steps from DNA to Proteins
A cooking
book in
French
Sequence of nucleotides
A cooking
book in
Chinese
Sequence of nucleotides
Sequence of
amino acids
The Central Dogma
6. Steps from DNA to Proteins
Nuclear
DNA membrane
Transcription
Pre-mRNA
RNA Processing
mRNA
Ribosome
Translation
Protein
7. Transcription
• Synthesize a mRNA molecule along one template
strand of DNA
– In nucleus
– Starts at promoter (TATA region of DNA)
– Ends at terminator
– Need enzyme RNA polymerase
– When complete, pre-mRNA is released.
8. DNA
A T C G T A C G A A G T C T A C G G G A C T A T C G
5 3
A C G A A G U C
T A G C G A T A G C
A T G C T T C A G A T G C C C T
mRNA
RNA polymerase
Direction of transcription
9. Transcription
• Steps
– DNA unzipped by RNA polymerase
– RNA polymerase builds RNA by base paring
RNA nucleotides to one strand of DNA
– U is used instead of T
– RNA is released and leaves the nucleus
10.
11.
12. Question
• What would be the complementary RNA
strand for the following DNA sequence?
• DNA: GCGTATG
RNA: CGCAUAC
13. Question
• What is the enzyme responsible for the
production of the RNA molecule?
• RNA Polymerase
– Separates the DNA molecule by breaking the H-
bonds between the bases.
– Then moves along one of the DNA strands and links
RNA nucleotides together.
16. RNA processing
Part of a DNA strand
exon intron exon intron exon
3’ 5’
transcription into pre-mRNA
poly-A tail
cap
5’ 3’
snipped out intron snipped out intron
5’ 3’
mature mRNA transcript
18. Translation
• Key characters
– 1) mRNA : provide code
– 2) tRNA : bring building blocks
– 3) Ribosome (rRNA) : provide site
19. 1) mRNA
• A linear sequence of
nucleotides
• Three nucleotides make
a codon
– Codon : the genetic code
for a amino acid
– 64 codons
– AUG: start
– UAA, UAG, UGA: stop
20.
21. 1) mRNA
start
codon
mRNA A U G G G C U C C A U C G G C G C A U A A
codon 1 codon 2 codon 3 codon 4 codon 5 codon 6 codon 7
protein methionine glycine serine isoleucine glycine alanine stop
codon
Primary structure of a protein
aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6
peptide bonds
22. 2) tRNA
• Delivers amino acids to
ribosomes
• One side attached with
amino acid
• Another side with
anticodon
– Anticodon: 3 nucleotides
that can pair with a
codon
– 20 different types of
amino acids
24. 3) rRNA
• Major component of
ribosomes
• Ribosome
• Place where amino acids are
made into proteins
• Small subunit + large subunit
• Large subunit has 2 sites for
tRNA
25. 3) rRNA
Ribosome
Large
subunit
P A
Site Site
mRNA
A U G C U A C U U C G
Small subunit
26. Translation
• Three Steps
1. initiation: start codon (AUG)
2. elongation:
3. termination: stop codon (UAG, UAA,
UGA)
• Let’s make a PROTEIN!!!!.
27.
28. 1) Initiation
aa1
Large
subunit
P A
Site Site
1-tRNA
anticodon U A C mRNA
A U G C U A C U U C G
codon
Small subunit
29. aa2
aa1
2-tRNA
1-tRNA
G A U
anticodon U A C
hydrogen A U G C U A C U U C G A
bonds codon mRNA
30. 2) Elongation
peptide bond aa3
aa1 aa2
3-tRNA
1-tRNA 2-tRNA G A A
anticodon U A C G A U
hydrogen A U G C U A C U U C G A
bonds codon mRNA
31. aa1 peptide bond
aa3
aa2
1-tRNA
U A C 3-tRNA
(leaves)
2-tRNA G A A
G A U
A U G C U A C U U C G A
mRNA
Ribosomes move over one codon
32. peptide bonds
aa1 aa4
aa2 aa3
4-tRNA
2-tRNA 3-tRNA G C U
G A U G A A
A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U
mRNA
33. peptide bonds
aa1 aa4
aa2
aa3
2-tRNA
4-tRNA
G A U
(leaves) 3-tRNA G C U
G A A
A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U
mRNA
Ribosomes move over one codon
34. peptide bonds aa5
aa1
aa2
aa4
aa3
5-tRNA
U G A
3-tRNA 4-tRNA
G A A G C U
G C U A C U U C G A A C U
mRNA
35. aa1 peptide bonds aa5
aa2
aa3
aa4
5-tRNA
3-tRNA U G A
G A A 4-tRNA
G C U
G C U A C U U C G A A C U
mRNA
Ribosomes move over one codon
36. 3) Termination
aa5
aa4 aa199
aa3 primary aa200
structure
aa2 of a protein
aa1 terminator
200-tRNA
or stop
codon
A C U C A U G U U U A G
mRNA
37. 4) End Product
• The end products of protein synthesis is a primary
structure of a protein.
– A sequence of amino acid bonded together by peptide
bonds.
aa5
aa3 aa4
aa2 aa199
aa1 aa200
38.
39.
40. Question:
• The anticodon UAC belongs to a tRNA that
recognizes and binds to a particular amino acid.
• What would be the DNA base code for this amino
acid?
41. Answer:
• tRNA - UAC (anticodon)
• mRNA - AUG (codon)
• DNA - TAC