this slide contain info about vertebrate and invertebrate phylum

1. Vertebrates and
invertebrate phylum.
PREPARED BY:
ARIFA ASAD

2. Bacteria: (unicellular prokaryotes)
 can grow in all habitat under all environmental
conditions.
 Can survive in hot sulphur springs, freezing temp.
 Smallest and oldest living organism ranges in size
from 0.2 to 2 micron in width and 2 to 10 micron in
length.
 bacterial cells consist of plasma membrane, cell
membrane, cytoplasm and nuclear material.
 Cell wall contain cellulose it is rigid and polymer of
amino acid and sugar and sometime chitin.
 Has many small vacuole, ribosomes no membrane
bounded organelles and their DNA found as
concentrated structure called chromatin bodies.

3. Chlamydomonas ( protists)
 it is a fresh water alga grows in fresh water lakes, ponds,
pools, tanks etc
 Grow abundantly in polluted water rich in polluted water and
ammonium compounds.
 Unicellular, eukaryotic, green, motile alga.
 Spherical oval or pear shaped with anterior end.
 cytoplasm has outer thin clear region and inner dense
region.
 Cytoplasm contain ER, ribosomes, mitochondria, golgi
apparatus.
 Single large cup-shaped chloroplast toward posterior end it
contain pyrenoids (starch manufacturing factories).
 Contractile vacuoles present towards anterior end.
 Eye spot is orange coloured (sensitive to high light).
 Nucleus is circular and present in cup-shaped cavity of
chloroplast.

4. Fungi:
 body of fungi is known as mycelium made up of coenocytic hyphae ( multinucleated).
 Cell wall made up of cellulose.
 Reserve food in the form of glycogen.
 Mode of nutrition: saprophytic, parasitic, Example: RHIZOPUS
 Common black bread mold.
 Grow anywhere where there is moisture.
 Mycelium contain coenocytic hyphae.
 three types of hyphae stolon, rhizoidal, sporangiophore.

5. Animals
 Phylum protozoa:
 Can perform all life activities.
 Lives in damp, watery places, moist soil, decaying matter.
 Live singly or form colony.
 example: paramecium
 Found in pools and ponds.
 Slipper shaped body covered with cilia.
 Feed on algae, bateria and small protozoa through oral groove.
 Oral groove gullet protoplasm form food vacuoles.

6. Phylum porifera:
 Phylum porifera: (sponge)
 called porifera because this phylum have small pore on their body.
 Multicellular,aquatic (fresh, sea water)
 Have no organ no tissue.
 Live singly or form colony.
 Sessile (cant move attached to rocks).
 Example: sycon
 Long branched colony with a common base.
 Body is vase-shaped, cylindrical and strong and flexible. Skeleton made up of CaCo3 .
 Pores present in body surface called ostia lead to canal system aid in circulating water
throughout the body to bring food and water in.

7. Phylum coelentrata:
 Body has cavity called coelenteron.
 Two layer of body.
 Marine and fresh water habitat.
 Examples:
 Hydra:
• Elongated cylindrical body.
• Mouth is surrounded by tentacles.
 jelly fish:
• Cup-shaped body with convex upper surface.
• Range upto 2 to 40cm/ marine
• Body is transparent and mouth is present on the lower side of the body
at the end of manubrium.
• Take small floating animals as food with the help of tentacles.

8. Phylum platyhelminthes:
 Triploblastic i.e their body composed of three layers.
 Also known as flat worm.
 Free living but mostly parasite.
 Example: tape worm
 Body is long, tape like, segmented.
 Head is slightly larger than head called scolex.
 Head bear sucker hook used in attachment.
 Don’t have eye
 They cant move.
 New segment arise at posterior end of head and old segment pushed away
and ultimately detach and expelled from body.

9. Phylum nematode ( round waorms)
 Have cylindrical body with both ends pointed.
 Free living parasite.
 Tubular digestive system with mouth(anterior end) anus (posterior end)
 Example Ascaris
 These parasite present in cattle and man.
 They suck digestive food from intestine and make body weak.
 They lay million of eggs in intestine and can also enter other vital organ of body.

10. Phylum annelida:
 Found in moist soil, ponds, river and sea.
 Metameric segmentation: externally and internally segmented.
 have well developed digestive system, circulatory, excretory, nervous, and reproductive
system.
 They are free living but leech are parasite.
 Example earthworm
 Found in humus rich, upper layer of moist soil.
 Body is elongated cylindrical, segmented.
 Anterior end is pointed.
 Posterior end is broad.
 Skin is thin, moist through which gas exchange takes place.
 Use decaying matter as food.
 They are called farmer friend ( their casting use act as fertilizer)

11. Phylum Mollusca:
 One of the largest animal phyla.
 Body is soft in most of these animal and is protected and supported by shell.
 Habitat: aquatic and moist soil.
 Example: snail
 Live in damp places and gardens.
 Range in size from microscopic to 60cm in length.
 Body is enclosed in shell.
 Shell has many compartments and last shell is larger and snal lives in it.
 Have two tentacles where two eyes are present.
 Radula: tongue like structure.
 Big muscular foot used in locomotion.

12. Phylum arthropoda:
 Body is externally segmented.
 Body is covered with hard shell, made up of chitin forming an exoskeleton.
 Jointed legs are present that is why called arthropods.
 Found everywhere on land.
 Three pair of legs, two pair of wings and antennae are present.

14. PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA:
 Habitat: marine
 body covered spines and spicules.
 Have internal skeleton made up of calcareous plates called ossicle.
 have dermal gill and vascular system.
 Example seastar
 body is star shaped.
 Central part is disk like from which 5 arm originate.
 Mouth present on ventral side of disk.
 Many tube feet on ventral side of each arm used in attachment to rocks and movement.
 They have the power of regeneration.

15. Vertebrates:
 Amphibians:
 Live in both water and land.
 Covered with thin, moist and slimy skin.
 Breathing organ is lungs.
 Skin is used in gas exchange.
 Lay egg in water and on moist place.
 Outer shelled is not hard.
 Cold-blooded.

16. Fishes: class pisces
 According to size and shape they are of many kind.
 Body is consisted of trunk, head, tail.
 Head is directly joined to trunk as neck is absent in them.
 Body is flexible, streamlined and tapered at both ends.
 Due to streamlined body it can easily wade through water during swimming.
 Swim with the help of fins attached to trunk.
 Body is covered with scales.
 Body remain moist by special type of secretion of the body.
 Breathing organs are gills.
 Mouth has teeth used for grasping food instead of grinding.
 In some fishes air pouch is present called air bladder used for buoyancy.