Active constituent of Sweta chirata as Antidibetic by Mohan Patil

1. SWERTIA CHIRATA
Synonym: chiretta, chirayita, bitter stick
B.S: It consist of dried entire herb of Swertia chirata
Family: Gentianaceae
G.S: plant is native of India and generally grow in
mountainous region of North India
Uses: hypoglycemic, Antimalarial, stomachic, bitter tonic,
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor,
cardiovascular protective effects etc

2. Chemical constituents
• Swerchirin, Mangiferin
• Chiratin and opelic acid (extremely bitter principles )
• Xanthone derivatives chiratol, mangiferin,
swertianin, chiratanin, and chiratenol
• Also contains other secoirridioid glycosides,
swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, gentianine, and
gentiopicrine

3. 30g powdered sample of both leaf and stem
Extracted in 50 of methanol separately using Soxhlet (48 hrs) ml
Cooled at room temperature, filtered through Whatmann No. 1 filter paper
Evaporated
Dried extracts
Isolation

4. Swerchirin
marked depletion of aldehyde-fuchsin stained
beta-granules and immunostained insulin in
the pancreatic islets
stimulating insulin release from islets of pancreas
Mechanism of action
Methylswertianin and bellidifolin
Increase glucokinase (GK) activities
enhance insulin signaling
lowers blood glucose

5. Essential for activity
OH essential for
hypoglycemic
activity
Substitution of -OCH3
make comp. more active
than -OH substitution
-OH not very
much important
SAR

6. Swerchirin
Bellidifolin
demethylbellidifolin
methylswertianin
1,8-dihydroxy-
2,6-dimethoxyxanthen-9-one
1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthen-9-one
1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-
methoxyxanthen-9-one
1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthen-9-one

7. Mangiferin Inhibit protein tyrosine
phosphatase1B
(PTP1B)
Negative regulator of insulin
signaling pathway
Treat Type 2 DM