The document provides information on phrasal verbs, modal verbs for giving advice and expressing obligation, future tenses using will, be going to and the present progressive, and tag questions. It defines phrasal verbs as verbs combined with particles, lists examples of common verbs and particles used in phrasal verbs. It also defines and provides examples of how modal verbs like should, ought to, had better, must, need to and have to are used to give advice and express obligation. Finally, it outlines the uses of will, be going to and present progressive for talking about the future and defines tag questions as statements turned into questions for checking known information.
3. PHRASALVERBS STRUCTURE
Verbs express actions.
Go, come, take, do, make, break, look and etc.
Particles are small words known as prepositions or adverbs
About, around, at, away, back, down, for, in,
into, off, on, out, over, through, to, up
10. ADVICE
Should
• It is used for advice in the present.The structure is: Subject + Should + BaseVerb
• You should eat healthy food.
• You should exercise every day.
Ought to
• It is used to say what you advise or recommend
• We ought to be leaving now.
• This is delicious.You ought to try some.
Had better
• Is is most commonly used to make recommendations.Also it is used to express desperate hope as well as warn
people.
• You had better take your umbrela
• That bus had better get here soon.
11. OBLIGATION
Must
• It is used to express strong obligation (possibly based on the speaker's opinion)
• I must study
• You mustn’t smoke here.
Need to
• It is mostly in the negative form to indicate that there is no obligation or necessity to do something.
• You needn’t take off your shoes.
• You needn’t spend a lot of money on presents
Have to
• It is used to express strong obligation (possibly from outside)
• Children have to go to school
• I don’t have to work on Sundays.
13. WILL
USE
We use will for future actions happen
without the speaker's intention, also
for predictions, assumptions and
spontaneous actions.
Form
will + infinitive
EXAMPLES
I will pone you when I arrive home.
I won’t tell anyone about your secret.
You will make dinner for me.
I will not do your homework for you.
She will help her mother.
14. BE GOINGTO
USE
We use this for planned actions in
the future and if you are certain that
sth. is going to happen in the future.
Form
to be (am, are, is) + going to +
infinitive
EXAMPLES
My sister is going to surf the internet
on Sunday.
The weather is going to be very cold.
I am not going to relax, because I will
be very busy.
We are going to make some
sandwiches and go to the park.
I am going to spend Sunday evening
at home.
15. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
USE
The present progressive can refer to
the future. It shows that we have
already decided something and
usually that we have already made a
plan or arrangements.
EXAMPLES
The band is visiting Denmark next
May.
I am taking the train to Paris
tomorrow.
She is meetingTom on Monday
evening
I am going to the supermarket
tomorrow.
All my friends are coming to my party
next week.
17. DEFINITION AND EXAMPLES
Tag questions (or question tags) turn a statement into a question.They are often
used for checking information that we think we know is true.
EXAMPLES
We aren't late, are we?
She's Italian, isn't she?
They are at home, aren’t they?
He is a teacher, isn’t he?
You are a doctor, aren’t you?
