Philosophical views comparison
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Philosophical views comparison
- 1. Philosophical Views Comparison April Adams
- 2. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) ⢠Platoâs Most Distinguished Pupil ⢠Teacher of Alexander the Great ⢠Careful Observer and Brilliant Theorizer ⢠His Thought Influenced Future Philosophy Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
- 3. ⢠Socrates Most Famous Student ⢠Metaphysics called Theory of Forms ⢠Wrote âApology, Crito and Phaedo Plato (428-347 B. C.)
- 4. Socrates (470-399 B.C.) ⢠Creator of Socratic Method ⢠Deemed the Wisest by Delphi Oracle ⢠Stonemason by Trade ⢠Never Wrote Down His Dialogues
- 5. Summary
- 6. References ⢠Moore, B, N. & Bruder, K (2008). Philosophy: The power of ideas (7th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. ⢠All Pictures by Google Images
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Philosophy 105 Author: April Adams
- To this day, Aristotle is considered the foremost authority on all things besides religion. This has been an asset to scientific progress because the scientific process itself cannot go simply on a hypothesis because âsomeone said it was soâ (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 66). Aristotle believed that everything is a combination of âmatter and formâ (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 67). Everything is made up of âstuffâ and there is a certain form that all stuff takes a certain form. Aristotle believed that there was no way that anything could be made of nothing; therefore all things are made of âstuffâ (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 68). He also believed that though things may change, they become something else, made of new âstuff.â Aristotle was the first to delineate between existence and essence. Once it is decided that something exists, it must be then looked at to decide whether or not it has substance and characteristics. If something has substance and characteristics, it exists. If it only has characteristics, it is assumed that it has essence (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 70). Aristotle also believed that humans had three souls which shaped into a single unity (Moore & Bruder 2008 p.71).The first was the vegetative soul, the source of nourishment, the second was the animal soul, which was the basis of sensation and movement. The third was Nous or the intelligent or spiritual soul, which was pure (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 71).
- Plato was a student of Socrates. According to Moore & Bruder 2008, Socratesâ Apology made Socrates the chief martyr of reasoning the same way the Gospels made Jesus the martyr of faith (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 39). He was most famous for not only following and expounding upon Socrates arguments, but by generating his own Theory of Forms.. According to Plato, objects we come across were not in fact real in a sensory experience, but were actually forms. If something does not exist in the physical world, it is considered an example of a form (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 39). According to Moore and Bruder 2008, Beauty is another example of form, it is an ideal thing but it is not tangible (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 40). According to Plato, forms are unchanging, unmovable and indivisible (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 41). Only tangible things can change. The test references a home. The interior and exterior can change its esthetics and become something completely different than what it looked like prior to the change, but forms like beauty and love never change (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 41). There are many things, Plato reasons, that are considered real, things that we could see, feel and touch, but to him they existed on a âlesser reality â(Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 41). Plato defined love as a âlonging for and a striving to attain the object of longingâ (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 46). He felt that love brings about âthought and effortâ while chasing something that is missing. (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 46).
- Of all of the philosophers who have made an impact on the future musings or dialogue, Socrates seems to lead the pack. Socrates was not a scholar; he was in fact a stonemason. He seemed to just be a man who had a thirst for knowledge. Not the type of knowledge sought by most scholars of that time; but instead the seeking of knowledge that was gained by discussion and arguments. The arguments were not the type that that caused discourse among the debaters, but it was the sort that encouraged thought and expansion of what was considered the norm. Socrates did not argue with people for the âsake of argumentâ (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 37). Socratesâ arguments or what we now call the âSocratic Method or Dialectic Methodâ consisted of questioning until there was no refutable query he could give to a belief that was based upon actual fact. Basically, he was trying to prove that knowledge itself was more than a strong belief, it was true (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 37). Socrates was deemed by the Oracle of Delphi to be the âwisest of peopleâ (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 37) Socrates believed that to mean that âunlike most peopleâ, he âwas aware of his ignoranceâ (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 37). Using the Socratic Method today, it is easy to see the fallacies and acknowledge and see oneâs own lack of true knowledge (Moore & Bruder 2008 p. 37).
- Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were three of our greatest philosophers. The fact that we still study their ideas today, several centuries later gives credit to their idea and leads one to recognize that most of what we now believe and hold as truths, are due to these men and others questioning the ideas and thoughts of their time and willingness to investigate a little further beyond the boundaries that have been set. The study of philosophy and questioning, not maintaining the status quo and being willing to delve into deeper knowledge of everything, is what has brought us to this point in our existence and what propels us to possibilities still unknown.