1. STANDARDS AND CRITERIA FOR DRINKING
WATER/IRRIGATION WATER/WATER IN INDUSTRY
PRESENTATION ASSIGNMENT
STUDENT: OKUCU ANTHONY TWENY, B.ENG (CBE)
REG. NO: 2013/HD08/220U;
STUDENT NO: 213002063
LECTURER: DR. KALIBBALA H. MPAGI

2. STANDARDS
• Standard: a definite level of achievement
aspired to or attained.
• Standards are about definite levels of quality
(or achievement, or performance).

3. CRITERIA
• Criterion: a property or characteristic by
which the quality of something may be
judged.
• Specifying criteria nominates qualities of
interest and utility but does not have anything
to offer, or make any assumptions about,
actual quality.

4. CRITERIA FOR DRINKING WATER
• SPECIFY characteristics by which drinking water
may be judged, viz:
• Chemical
– Dissolved Oxygen
– pH
– Hardness or Mineral Compounds
– Total Dissolved Solids
– Toxic Substances
– Other Pollutants (nitrogen, chlorides, trace organics)

5. CRITERIA FOR DRINKING WATER
• Physical
– Solids (TDS & SS), Floating Materials and Deposits
– Turbidity (colloids)
– Color (true and apparent)
– Temperature
– Taste or Odor
– Electrical Conductivity
– Radioactivity
• Biological
– Coliform

6. IRRIGATION WATER CRITERIA
• PH
• Salinity Hazard
• Sodium Hazard (Sodium Adsorption Ration or
SAR)
• Carbonate and bicarbonates in relation with the
Ca & Mg content
• Other trace elements
• Toxic anions
• Nutrients
• Free chlorine

7. Industry Water Criteria
• Water use in industries (Process water)
– Cooling water
– Boiler Feed water
– Chemical dilution /mixing water
• the water quality requirements can vary:
– Depending on poperational pressure
– Process /use

8. Industry Water Criteria
Feed Water
• DO
• Total Fe
• Total Cu
• Total Hardness
• Non volatile TOC
• Oily Matter
• pH at 25⁰ C
Boiler water
• Silica
• Total Alkalinity (CaCOᴣ)
• Free Hydroxide Alkalinity
(CaCOᴣ)
• Specific conductance at
25ᴼC without neutralization

9. Industry Water Criteria
Cooling Water
• Suspended solids
• Conductivity
• Hardness
• pH
• CO₂ aggressive
• Fe
• Mn
• SO₄⁻⁻
• Cl⁻
• COD
• Bacteria
Mixing Water

10. Water Quality Standards
• Each country has its own water quality standards that
determine to which degree water should be purified,
depending on the purpose it will be used for.
Read more: http://www.lenntech.com/water-trivia-
facts.htm#ixzz30vPVNkaD
• there are no universally recognized and accepted
international standards for drinking water. Even where
standards do exist, and are applied, the permitted
concentration of individual constituents may vary by as
much as ten times from one set of standards to
another (Shmueli & Deborah 1999).

11. Examples of Standards
• European Drinking Water Directives (European
Union)
• US EPA (USA) establishes standards as required by
the Safe Drinking Water Act.
• WHO Guidelines on the Standards of Water (for
diverse uses).
• China Ministry of Environment protection - GB3838-
2002 (Type II)
• Canada, New Zealand and Australia have guideline
values for a relatively small suite of parameters

12. Range of standards
• Standards:
– list parametric values
– Specify sampling location
– Sampling methods
– sampling frequency,
– analytical methods, and
– laboratory accreditation - Analytical Quality
Control (AQC)

13. Parametric values
• Expressed in terms of:
– Observed substance concentration (e.g. 30mg/L)
– Count such as 400 cfu/L
– Statistical value (e.g. avg. Cu concentration of
3mg/L)