Controlling is a managerial function that ensures activities are performed according to plans through setting standards, measuring performance, comparing results to standards, and taking corrective actions. There are three types of control: pre-control before work begins to set directions and resources; concurrent control during work to monitor operations; and post-control after work to focus on end results. Traditional control techniques include personal observation, reports, break-even analysis, and budgets. Advanced techniques include self-control, management audits, PERT, CPM, and MIS. The goal of controlling is to help accomplish organizational goals efficiently through monitoring and ensuring order, discipline, and coordination of actions.

1. Functions of Management – I
Controlling
CONTROLLING: CONCEPT, TYPES OF CONTROL, METHOD: PRE-CONTROL -
CONCURRENT CONTROL - POST CONTROL,
CONTROL AREAS.

2. Controlling - meaning
Controlling can be defined as a managerial function to ensure that activities in an
organization are performed according to the plans.
Controlling ensures efficient and effective use of organizational resources for achieving the
goals.
Management control refers to setting of predetermined standards, comparing actual
performance with these standards and if required, taking corrective actions to ensure the
achievement of organizational goas.

3. Controlling – definition
Managerial control implies the measurement of accomplishment against the
standard and the correction of deviations to assure attainment of objectives
according to plans.
- Knoontz and O’Donnell
Control is the process of bringing out conformity of performance with planned
action.
-Dale Henning

4. Features of Controlling
• Continuous process
•Flexible and dynamic process
•Future oriented
•Strategy and result oriented
•Understandable
•Timely and exception oriented
•Essence of control is action

5. Importance of Controlling
1. Accomplishing organizational goals.
2. Judging accuracy of standards.
3. Making efficient use of resources.
4. Improving employee motivation.
5. Ensuring order and discipline
6. facilitating coordination in action.

6. Limitations of Controlling
1. difficulty in setting quantitative standards
2. No control on external factors
3. Resistance from employees
4. Costly affair

8. THE CONTROL PROCESS
•Establish objectives and standards
• Performance objectives are defined and the standards for measuring them are set. There are
two types of standards-output standard and input standard
• Measure actual performance
• To spot deviations or variances between what really occurs and what is most desired.
•Comparing Results with Objectives and Standards
• Establishes the need for action. Ways of making comparisons: Historical / Relative and
Benchmarking
•Taking Corrective Action
• Taking any action necessary to correct or improve things.

9. Types of Control

10. PRELIMINARY/FEED FORWARD
Sometimes called the feed forward controls,
they are accomplished before a work
activity begins. They make sure that proper
directions are set and that the right
resources are available to accomplish them.

11. CONCURRENT
Focus on what happens during the work
process. Sometimes called steering
controls, they monitor ongoing operations
and activities to make sure that things are
being done correctly.

12. FEEDBACK/POSTACTION
Sometimes called feedback
controls, they take place after
an action is completed. They
focus on end results, as
opposed to inputs and
activities.

13. Control Techniques
Control techniques may be broadly classified into two
categories:-
• Traditional control techniques.
• Advance / Modern control techniques.

14. Traditional Control Techniques
• Personal observation.
• Statistical reports and analysis.
• Break-even analysis.
• Budgetary control.

15. Advance control techniques
• Self Control
• Management Audit.
• Programme Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT).
• Critical Path Method (CPM).
• Management Information Systems (MIS).

16. Compiled by: Dr. Anupama Chaudahari, Associate Professor, KCES’s Institute of Management and Research, Jalgaon