Pascal's Law states that pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions and that pressure increases with depth. It describes how hydraulic systems use small inputs to generate large outputs through the transmission of force via an incompressible fluid. Some applications that use Pascal's Law include hydraulic lifts, which can lift heavy loads using small forces; hydraulic brakes, which stop wheels simultaneously using brake fluid; and hydraulic jacks and pumps.
2. Index
• Acknowledgment
• Pascal’s Law
• Pascal’ Formula
• Variation of Pascal’ Law
• Using Pascal’s Law
• Applications
• Hydraulic Lift
• Hydraulic Brake
• Hydraulic Jack
• Hydraulic Pump
3. Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher who gave
me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic Pascal’s Law,
which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and I came to know about so many
new things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents
and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing
this project within the limited time frame.
4. Pascal’s Law
• In the 1600's, the French scientist Blaise Pascal
discovered a fact now known as Pascal's Law.
• Pascal's Principle is used to quantitatively relate
the pressure at two points in
an incompressible, static fluid. It states that pressure is
transmitted, undiminished, in a closed static fluid.
• Through the application of Pascal's Principle, a static
liquid can be utilized to generate a large
output force using a much smaller input force, yielding
important devices such as hydraulic presses.
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5. Pascal’s Laws State
that
It states that pressure at any point
in a body of fluid is the same in
every direction, exerting equal force
on equal areas. This works for gases
and liquids (both are fluids).
6. Pascal’s Formula
• This brings us to a very important formula:
• P = Pressure, F = Force and A = Area
This expresses that Pressure is Force per Unit Area.
A
F
P
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7. Variations of Pascal’s
Law
• Pressure = Force
divided by area
• Force = Pressure times
area
• Area = Force divided
by pressure
A
F
P
APF
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P
F
A
9. Have you used formulas
like Pascal’s Law? Where
are they used?
• Generic Inverse Variation
Problem
used in Algebra
• Time = Distance / Rate
• Ohm’s Law
used in science class
with electrical
components
x
y
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10. Using Pascal’s Law
10
Pascal's Law - gives us the
mechanics to do a great deal of
work with hydraulics. The drawing
on the left shows that we can lift a
large amount of weight with a
small amount of effort. We can lift
100 pounds by applying just 10
pounds of force to the piston
measuring 1 square inch
12. Hydraulic lift
• A multiplication of force can be achieved by the
application of fluid pressureaccording to Pascal's
principle, which for the two pistons implies
• P1 = P2This allows the lifting of a heavy load with a
small force, as in an auto hydraulic lift, but of course
there can be no multiplication of work, so in an ideal
case with no frictional loss:
• Winput = WoutputCalculation
17. Hydraulic brake
The hydraulic brake is an arrangement
of braking mechanism which uses brake fluid,
typically containing ethylene glycol, to transfer
pressure from the controlling mechanism to
the braking mechanism. When brakes are
applied suddenly in a moving vehicle, there is
every chance of the vehicle to skid because
the wheels are not retarded uniformly. In
order to avoid this danger of skidding when
the brakes are applied, the brake mechanism
must be such that each wheel is equally and
simultaneously retarded. A hydraulic brake
serves this purpose. It works on the principle
of Pascal’s law.
20. Hydraulic Pump
Hydraulic pumps are used in hydraulic drive systems and
can be hydrostatic or hydrodynamic. A hydraulic pump
is a mechanical source of power that converts
mechanical power into hydraulic energy (hydrostatic
energy i.e. flow, pressure). It generates flow with
enough power to overcome pressure induced by the
load at the pump outlet. When a hydraulic pump
operates, it creates a vacuum at the pump inlet, which
forces liquid from the reservoir into the inlet line to the
pump and by mechanical action delivers this liquid to
the pump outlet and forces it into the hydraulic
system.
