The document discusses a study on whether men's out-migration from rural areas empowers women farmers left behind. The study was conducted in three districts in Nepal, interviewing 326 households, half of which were women-headed. It measured women's empowerment using a Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index across five domains. The results found that the proportion of empowered women was higher in women-headed households than men-headed households. Additionally, longer-term male migration and higher economic activity was associated with greater women's empowerment. The presence of men in households did not necessarily endanger women's empowerment. Thus, male out-migration does not always lead to women-headed households but can boost empowerment through
Call Girls in Barasat | 7001035870 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Is men’s out-migration empowering women farmers in rural Nepal?
1. Is
men’s
out-‐migra0on
empowering
women
farmers
in
rural
Mohanraj
Adhikari
Resources,
Environment
and
Development
Crawford
School
of
Public
Policy
ANU
32. Sample
•
•
•
•
•
Interview
respondents
-‐
voter
list
(random)
50%
women
headed
households
selected
150
respondents
–
each
district
Target
to
include
110
each
Individual
interview
-‐326
households
(HHs)
33. Sample
HHs
MigraEon
status
Kalikot
HHs
having
at
least
one
74
male
migrant
member
District
Dailekh
71
Bardia Total
59
204
Non
Migrant
HH
35
36
51
122
Total
109
107
110
326
Migrant
HH
percentage
Na*onal
average
(%)
(NLSS,
2011)
68
66
54
63
44
37. Women
Empowerment
in
Ag
Index
• ObjecEvely
measures
Women
empowerment
in
Ag
• Five
domains
– Produc*on
– Resources
– Income
– Leadership
– Time
38. WEAI
Indicators
Indicator
Input
in
produc*ve
decisions
Autonomy
in
produc*on
Ownership
of
assets
Purchase,
sell
and
transfer
of
assets
Access
and
decision
about
credit
Control
over
use
of
Income
Group
member
Speaking
in
public
Workload
Leisure
Weight
1/10
1/10
1/15
1/15
1/15
2/10
1/10
1/10
1/10
1/10
46. Discussion
• Not
all
male
migraEon
leads
to
women
headedness
of
the
households.
• The
proporEon
of
empowered
women
is
higher
in
women
headed
households
than
in
men
headed.
47. Discussion
• Not
all
male
migraEon
leads
to
women
headedness
of
the
households.
• The
proporEon
of
empowered
women
is
higher
in
women
headed
households
than
in
men
headed.
• Presence
of
men
in
the
households
does
NOT
endanger
women
empowerment
48. Discussion
• Not
all
male
migraEon
leads
to
women
headedness
of
the
households.
• The
proporEon
of
empowered
women
is
higher
in
women
headed
households
than
in
men
headed.
• Presence
of
men
in
the
households
does
NOT
endanger
women
empowerment
• Longer
term
migraEon
and
relaEvely
higher
economic
acEvity
boost
empowerment