1. GRAMMAR & STRUCTURE
Verbs
Definition
Verbs tell the action or state of the subject in a sentence.
Example
Terence feeds the dog. (action)
Janice is tall. (state)
Explanation
Verbs --
• follow the subject in a simple sentence.
• change form to agree with the subject.
• can be active or stative.
• show past, present, and future tense.
• have many different forms, for example:
o simple
o auxiliary
o gerund
o infinitive
o modal
o participle (present and past)

2. GRAMMAR & STRUCTURE — Examples
Verbs
Sentences showing verbs agreeing with subject
I make breakfast at 7:30 every morning. verb = make
You eat breakfast at 7:45 every morning. verb = eat
He eats breakfast at 8:00 every morning. verb = eats
Jane eats breakfast at 7:15 every morning. verb = eats
The dog eats breakfast at 6:00 every day. verb = eats
We meet for dinner at 5:00 every Friday. verb = meet
You have dinner at 6:30 on Sunday. verb = have
They have lunch together on Wednesday. verb = have
Different forms of verbs
Name: Simple form
Example Use Example Sentence
1) Future 1) I will eat soon.
eat 2) Questions 2) Do you eat meat?
3) Conditional sentences 3) If I am hungry, I will eat.
Name: Auxiliary verb

3. Example Use Example Sentence
1) Questions 1) Do you like ice cream?
do 2) Negative 2) I am not hungry.
have 3) Tenses 3) I was eating. I have eaten. I am
be eating.
modals
4) Comes before the main 4) Manny is working on the computer.
verb
Name: Modal verb
Example Use Example Sentence
1) Show ability 1) I can play the piano.
can
will 2) Show permission 2) You may have a candy.
must
3) Show possibility 3) It might rain.
should
may 4) Show necessity 4) We must go to work.
might
5) Give advice 5) You should not smoke.
Name: Infinitive
Example Use Example Sentence

4. 1) Object of certain verbs 1) I want to see the movie.
2) Reported speech 2) He told me to talk to you.
to see 3) Purpose 3) We go to the store to buy food.
4) With "too" and 4) He is too angry to speak.
"enough"
Name: Gerund
Example Use Example Sentence
1) Object of certain verbs 1) Kathleen enjoys travelling.
travelling 2) Subject of sentence 2) Exercising is good for your health.
3) Object of prepositions 3) Joyce is excited about travelling.
Name: Present participle
Example Use Example Sentence
1) Present / past 1) Stefan is talking to me.
talking continuous
2) Adjectives 2) This is an interesting movie.
Name: Past participle
Example Use Example Sentence

5. 1) Present perfect 1) I have painted my house.
2) Past perfect 2) I had finished dinner when my
painted daughter came home.
3) Passive 3) The meal was cooked by Teresa.
4) Adjectives 4) Jonathan feels bored.
Name: Transitive
Example Use Example Sentence
buy 1) Must have an object 1) Charlotte buys food at the market.
Name: Intransitive
Example Use Example Sentence
walk 1) Does not need an object 1) Sonja walks to work.
Name: Stative
Example Use Example Sentence
be 1) No action 1) Tami feels tired today.
feel
Name: Active
Example Use Example Sentence
play 1) Action 1) Steve plays soccer on the weekend.

6. GRAMMAR & STRUCTURE — Exercises
Verbs
Answer the following questions to check your knowledge of verbs.
Choose the verb in the following sentences.
Example
Manuela leaves work at 4:30.
Manuela
leaves
work
at
The correct answer is "leaves".
1. Donna uses the fax machine in front of her office.
uses
machine
in
office

7. 2. Tim gives his friend a ride home from work.
a ride
home
gives
friend
3. Constantine waters his plants once a week.
plants
waters
once
week
4. Musicians play their instruments on the streets downtown.
streets
instruments
play
musicians
5. Many students do their homework at night.
do
their
night
students
6. Choose the auxiliary verb in the following sentence.
Wes is exercising today.
is
Wes
exercise
exercising

8. 7. Choose the past participle in the following sentence.
Todd was excited about his trip.
excited
was
Todd
trip
8. Choose the gerund in the following sentence.
Natalie enjoys working for the radio station.
working
radio
enjoys
for
9. Choose the simple verb form in the following sentence.
Judy will finish her book tonight.
will
finish
book
tonight
10 Choose the transitive verb in the following sentence.
. Daniel goes to the bank and gets money.
goes
money
gets
bank