7. How do you define
plagiarism?
◦ Using someone‘s ideas or expression of
those ideas (words, pictures, music, etc)
◦ Without giving proper credit
8. An interesting side story
A quote attributed to Martin Luther
King Jr. went viral after the death of
Osama bin Laden
But part of it was never said or written
by him
http://www.theatlantic.com/national/arc
hive/2011/05/anatomy-of-a-fake-
quotation/238257/
What‘s the big deal?
9. It‘s out there, why not reuse
www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32657885
it?
Gabriel, Trip. “Plagiarism Lines Blur for Students in the
Image by Duane Hoffmann
Digital Age.” nytimes.com. The New York Times, 1
Aug 2010. Web. 14 Feb. 2012.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/02/education
/02cheat.html>
―If you are not so worried about presenting yourself as absolutely
unique, then it‘s O.K.
…if you say other people‘s words, it‘s O.K. if you say things you don‘t
believe,
…it‘s O.K. if you write papers you couldn‘t care less about because they
accomplish the task, which is turning something in and getting a grade
… and it‘s O.K. if you put words out there without getting any credit.‖
~Susan D. Blum anthropologist at The University of Notre
Dame, author of ―My Word!: Plagiarism and College Culture‖ on student
attitudes toward plagiarism
10. It‘s out there, why not reuse
it?
Discussion on the article:
• Your thoughts on plagiarism
• Why don‘t some people seem to think it‘s bad
to copy?
• Why do people who know it‘s wrong still do it?
• Does downloading music count?
• Is their plagiarism in business?
11. Why does it matter?
Newitz, Annalee. (2012, January 16) ―You are
bitching about the wrong things when you read
an article about science.‖ i09.com. i09 blog, 16
Jan 2012. Web. 14 Feb. 2012.
<http://io9.com/5873948/you-are-bitching-
about-the-wrong-things-when-you-read-an-
article-about-science>
―Science is designed to challenge our common sense assumptions
about the world because they are often wrong.
Sometimes, however, common sense turns out to be right. Which is
why occasionally science seems to prove the obvious. But that's not
science being useless - it's science doing what it does best, which is
applying rigor and rationality to anecdote and dogma.‖
12. Why does it matter?
Discussion on the article
• Why is it important to attribute information to a
source?
• Why is anecdotal information still so compelling?
• What does this have to do with you? In real life?
In school?
13. Why does it matter?
It was a dark and Skin cancer is the
stormy night most common form
of cancer
14. Common Knowledge
Quandary
―I‘ve heard that common knowledge
doesn‘t have to be cited. What is
common knowledge?‖
Some examples:
◦ Waste not, want not.
◦ George Washington was the first president of
the US
◦ College students like pizza…
When in doubt, cite it.
15. The point is…
No matter where you are, you will
constantly need to assess the
information around you
In order to be an informed consumer you
should know how to evaluate the
information you acquire
In order to support your own arguments
you should know how to research your
question and cite your sources
16. A more serious example
The German Defense Minister
resigned and his PhD was taken away
because it was found that his thesis
was plagiarized
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-
europe-12608083
17. What is the policy at Towson?
Policy for Academic Integrity:
◦ http://www.towson.edu/studentaffairs/polic
ies/academicintegrity.asp
Two Strike System
100 reported cases a year
One suspension a year
18. Why is it important to cite your
sources?
Poll
◦ http://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_
polls/OTQ2NTA4NTAw
19. Why is it important to Cite your
Sources?
Allows your readers to verify and identify
your information
◦ Support your argument
Gives credit to the owners of the ideas
◦ Not plagiarizing
Get credit for your ideas!
Required for your assignment!
20. What needs to be cited?
Poll
◦ http://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_
polls/LTE0ODA0NTgyNTg
21. What needs to be cited?
Books Examples:
images from
Web Pages Web, statistical
tables
Magazine articles
Graphics
VHS,DVD, audio, etc.
Government reports
Statistics
Encyclopedia articles
Any source of information!
22. Example A
Original Student
Don't look for one of these Google's approach may win
tech heavyweights to knock out over the long term. In the
out the other. Yet if history early 1980s Apple lost its lead
is any guide, Google's in the PC market as Microsoft
approach may win out over enlisted the aid of hordes of
the long term. Recall that in software developers and
the early 1980s Apple lost dozens of PC manufacturers.
its lead in the PC market
when Microsoft enlisted the
aid of hordes of software
developers and dozens of
PC manufacturers. Now, if
Google can marshal such a
united front, Apple could
again be swamped by the
collective innovations.
23. Example A
Original Student
Don't look for one of these Google's approach may win
tech heavyweights to knock out over the long term. In the
out the other. Yet if history early 1980s Apple lost its lead
is any guide, Google's in the PC market as Microsoft
approach may win out over enlisted the aid of hordes of
the long term. Recall that in software developers and
the early 1980s Apple lost dozens of PC manufacturers.
its lead in the PC market
when Microsoft enlisted the
aid of hordes of software
developers and dozens of
PC manufacturers. Now, if
Google can marshal such a
united front, Apple could
again be swamped by the
collective innovations.
24. Example B
Original Student
Don't look for one of these History tells us that
tech heavyweights to knock Google's approach may be
out the other. Yet if history successful over the long
is any guide, Google's term. In the early 1980s
approach may win out over Apple lagged in the PC
the long term. Recall that in market as Microsoft
the early 1980s Apple lost collaborated with software
its lead in the PC market developers and dozens of
when Microsoft enlisted the PC manufacturers. Now, if
aid of hordes of software Google would only
developers and dozens of summon a united front,
PC manufacturers. Now, if Apple could again be
Google can marshal such a swamped by the collective
united front, Apple could innovations (Burrows).
again be swamped by the
collective innovations.
25. Example B
Original Student
Don't look for one of these History tells us that
tech heavyweights to knock Google's approach may be
out the other. Yet if history successful over the long
is any guide, Google's term. In the early 1980s
approach may win out over Apple lagged in the PC
the long term. Recall that in market as Microsoft
the early 1980s Apple lost collaborated with software
its lead in the PC market developers and dozens of
when Microsoft enlisted the PC manufacturers. Now, if
aid of hordes of software Google would only
developers and dozens of summon a united
PC manufacturers. Now, if front, Apple could again be
Google can marshal such a swamped by the collective
united front, Apple could innovations (Burrows).
again be swamped by the
collective innovations.
26. Example C
Original Student
Don't look for one of these Google stands a chance of
tech heavyweights to knock beating Apple if it can
out the other. Yet if history benefit from the pooled
is any guide, Google's ideas of software
approach may win out over developers and device
the long term. Recall that in manufacturers, following
the early 1980s Apple lost the strategy that Microsoft
its lead in the PC market employed to Apple‘s
when Microsoft enlisted the detriment in the early ‗80s.
aid of hordes of software
developers and dozens of
PC manufacturers. Now, if
Google can marshal such a
united front, Apple could
again be swamped by the
collective innovations.
27. Example C
Original Student
Don't look for one of these Google stands a chance of
tech heavyweights to knock beating Apple if it can
out the other. Yet if history benefit from the pooled
is any guide, Google's ideas of software
approach may win out over developers and device
the long term. Recall that in manufacturers, following
the early 1980s Apple lost the strategy that Microsoft
its lead in the PC market employed to Apple‘s
when Microsoft enlisted the detriment in the early ‗80s.
aid of hordes of software
developers and dozens of
PC manufacturers. Now, if
Google can marshal such a
united front, Apple could
again be swamped by the
collective innovations.
28. Example D
Original Student
Don't look for one of these It is possible that in the
tech heavyweights to knock battle of the ―tech
out the other. Yet if history heavyweights‖ Google
is any guide, Google's might eventually prevail
approach may win out over over Apple if it follows the
the long term. Recall that in strategy that Microsoft
the early 1980s Apple lost employed to Apple‘s
its lead in the PC market detriment during the early
when Microsoft enlisted the ‗80s: collaborating, and
aid of hordes of software innovating, with software
developers and dozens of developers and
PC manufacturers. Now, if manufacturers (Burrows
Google can marshal such a 25).
united front, Apple could
again be swamped by the
collective innovations.
29. Example D
Original Student
Don't look for one of these It is possible that in the
tech heavyweights to knock battle of the ―tech
out the other. Yet if history heavyweights‖ Google
is any guide, Google's might eventually prevail
approach may win out over over Apple if it follows the
the long term. Recall that in strategy that Microsoft
the early 1980s Apple lost employed to Apple‘s
its lead in the PC market detriment during the early
when Microsoft enlisted the ‗80s: collaborating, and
aid of hordes of software innovating, with software
developers and dozens of developers and
PC manufacturers. Now, if manufacturers (Burrows
Google can marshal such a 25).
united front, Apple could
again be swamped by the
collective innovations.
30. Tips to avoid plagiarism
Documentation
- keep track of
materials used for your
working bibliography
Quote carefully – color
code or use quotes
when taking notes.
Beware cutting &
pasting.
Note key ideas then
―Shut the book‖
Try to boil down the
info—summarize
Proofread!
31. Style Manuals
Different disciplines use
different style manuals
◦ Social Sciences = American
Psychological Association
(APA)
◦ Humanities = MLA Handbook
for Writers of Research
Papers (MLA)
33. Citing correctly in MLA – Exact
Quote
Every in-text
1. ―x‖ citation
should have
a match in
2. In-text citation
the
(Smith 35) or (Smith) bibliography
3. An entry in the Works Cited list (the
bibliography) at the end of the paper
34. Citing correctly in MLA -
Paraphrase
1. Legitimate paraphrase
Again, every in-text
2. In-text citation citation should have
a match in the
(Smith 35) or (Smith) bibliography!
3. An entry in the Works Cited list at
the end of the paper
35. In-text Citation for an Article (HTML)
from a Database (Business Source Complete)
In-text:
◦ Mobile devices increase access to sensitive
corporate data (Swartz 25).
In-text with signal phrase:
◦ Swartz points out that mobile devices increase
access to sensitive corporate data (25).
36. Works Cited Entry for an Article (HTML)
from a Database (Business Source Premier)
Swartz, Nikki. ―Safeguarding Corporate
Secrets.‖ Information Management
Journal 40.5 (2006): 24-30. Business
Source Complete. Web. 8 Feb. 2012.
37. Some ―for fun‖ citations
Here is an interesting fact (Wolfensohn 25)
You may be surprised to learn this
startling statistic (Association of Associations)
Here is the way that researcher
Beverly Santana frames the issue
(Santana 110-114)
38. Works Cited
Association of Associations. Surprising Statistics: A
Study. AA, 2009. Web. 9 Sept. 2011.
<http://www.theassociation.org/stats.>
Santana, Beverly. “Why Is Research So
Challenging?” Journal of Puzzling Questions
22.4(2011): 110-145. Academic Search Premier.
Web. 14 Feb. 2012.
Wolfensohn, Hans David. You Will Enjoy This Book:
Read It Now. Towson, MD: Towson Press, 2011.
Print.
39. Sample Paper in MLA style
Would you like to see how a sample
paper in MLA Style
looks, headings, in-text
citations, Works Cited list and all?
◦ http://bit.ly/A6LUEk
If you need more than the resource
guides on the library website
◦ Diane Hacker
◦ OWL
40. Questions?
Feel free to contact me:
◦ Laksamee Putnam
◦ lputnam@towson.edu
◦ 410.704.3746.
◦ Twitter: @CookLibraryofTU
Or any reference librarian:
◦ Visit Cook Library Reference Desk
◦ 410.704.2462.
◦ IM – tucookchat
Hinweis der Redaktion
There is so much information out there. You can find anything on the internet and it’s not attributed to anyone.Ask the students to first write down then discuss their thoughts on the quote and plagiarism. Why don’t people seem to think it’s that bad to copy someone? What about downloading music? How does this relate to math?
There is so much information out there. You can find anything on the internet and it’s not attributed to anyone.Ask the students to first write down then discuss their thoughts on the quote and plagiarism. Why don’t people seem to think it’s that bad to copy someone? What about downloading music? How does this relate to math?
There is so much information out there. You can find anything on the internet and it’s not attributed to anyone.Ask the students to first write down then discuss their thoughts on the quote and plagiarism. Why don’t people seem to think it’s that bad to copy someone? What about downloading music? How does this relate to math?
Not only is this a topic that is discussed in the “real world” but it is also an important issue on campus.Emphasizing the professor’s approach to plagiarism, while also pointing out that this is of concern to the entire TU/academic community.We now have a system where if a student is sanctioned for plagiarism by a professor, that is not the end of the matter. The professor can report the student centrally. If there is a “strike 2” the student has to go before Judicial Affairs and face further consequences: the student may be suspended from TU.Bob Giordani: 100 cases a year reported. (Imagine how many go unreported!)1-3 repeat offenders a year. These go to Judicial Affairs for penalties up to and including suspension from TU.There has been about one suspension each year.
Also just helps you stay organized
Example A is plagiarized. Problems:Word-for-word from the source, without quotation marks.No in-text (parenthetical) citation to Hearst.Citing in Works Cited at end of paper is not enough—we need to know which specific information/idea/text/graphic etc. came from where as we are reading.To fix: Legitmate paraphrase (rewording) of source + in-text citation (keep citation on Works Cited list as well).OR Use quotation marks to show what is an exact quote (when omitting words from quote, use ellipsis (…)+ in-text citation+ keep entry in Works Cited list at end of paper.
Example B is plagiarized. This is an example of paraphrase plagiarism.Many student are not aware that this is plagiarism, but it can get you in trouble!!Problems:Student paper follows original source too closely. Rewording is light; sentences follow identical structure as source. In-text citation to Burrowsdoes not solve this—in doing so we acknowledge Burrows’ idea, but not his wording, which this passage exploits.To fix this:If the phrasing of the source merits this, QUOTE exact words used, using quotation marks+ keep the in-text citation to Burrows+ keep the entry in Works Cited list.How many words in a row are ok to keep?You may hear “rules of thumb” such as the “three word rule”: quote and cite if you are using more than three words in a row from the source. There is no hard-and-fast rule. Three, two, or even one word might be distinctive enough to be quoted and cited, depending on the context.For instance, Ed Tenner wrote of the “plagiosphere” in Technology Review.This word, coined by Tenner, refers to the notion that everything has been said and is out there somewhere on the World Wide Web. (Interesting article by the way!)If I were to write about this concept and to use the word, I would want to cite Tenner. Otherwise, it would appear that I myself had made up the word and the concept it represents. The first time I used the word “plagiosphere” I could put it in quotes, add an in-text citation, and include a works cited entry at the end of my paper. Additional uses of the word in the paper would not need to be quoted, but if I used ideas from Tenner’s articles, those would require in-text citations in the body of the paper.
The rewording in the Student Paper for Example C is fine--see how different the words and sentences are from the original source. Paraphrasing can work!BUT in neglecting to add an in-text citation, this went over the line to IDEA PLAGIARISM. If Burrows is in the Works Cited list, this doesn’t let the writer off the hook. How is the reader to know where the individual idea comes from if the writer doesn’t include a proper in-text citation?To fix: in-text citation + keep in Works Cited list.
Example D is fine—NOT plagiarized. Hooray.Very few words shared—not a problem.When the writer wanted to quote, quotation marks used appropriately.The in-text citation appears at the end—directing us to the Works Cited.That wasn’t so bad, was it?
If you use an online source without permanent page numbers (that is, anything other than a PDF), count off your paragraphs and use that in place of a page number. (Smith, para. 5 = Smith, paragraph 5. Smith 35 means page 35 of Smith).
First is a screenshot of how the article looks from the results list of an Ebsco database (Business Source Premier in this case).Below are examples of how in-text citations to this article can be integrated.
Don’t forget the works cited entry at the end of the paper! Here’s an example for the same article.Don’t copy & paste the info straight from a database into your References list—you can see it looks quite different in MLA!If you can, consult the PDF copy instead of the HTML copy, you would be able to include the exact page range and to cite specific pages (rather than paragraphs) in your in-text citations.