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Deterrence & diplomacy
- 2. Objective • Understand how Singapore manages conflict and ensure national security Managing National Security Deterrence Diplomacy
- 3. Overview • Countries manage international relations through deterrence & diplomacy (D&D) • Singapore’s deterrence policy: prepared for any form of threats • Singapore’s diplomatic policy: developing relationships with as many countries as possible.
- 4. Deterrence • Refers to measures taken by countries to prevent and protect themselves from threats • • • • Maintaining military installations Carrying out military exercises Sharing information among countries Installing CCTV cameras at train stations
- 5. Deterrence A citizen armed force Singapore’s defence industry Military cooperation with other countries 3rd Generation SAF Total Defence Multi-agency coordination
- 6. A citizen armed force • National Service (NS) was introduced in 1967 for all able-bodied male citizens • Continue to serve as Operationally Ready Nsmen for another 10 years • Undergo refresher courses • Maintain competence in handling new weapons and equipment
- 7. rd 3 Generation SAF • Recent advances in infocommunication technologies • SAF needs to maximise defense capabilities • Soldiers can fight decisively in war & respond flexibly in peacetime.
- 8. Singapore’s defence industry • SAF needs to be self-reliant in defence weapons • DSTA provides cost-effective and modern technology to SAF and MINDEF • Buys and upgrades weapons • Conducts defence-related research & development
- 9. Total Defence • Singaporeans believe that Singapore is worth defending and are involved in all defence efforts. • Potential aggressors will think twice about attacking Singapore • 5 aspects: Civil, Economic, Social, Psychological, Military • Commemorated to remind Singaporeans not to take our security for granted.
- 10. Multi-agency coordination on security • Various government agencies work closely together to strengthen and enhance national security. • Meet regularly to plan national security strategies and policies • Work together with commercial and private parties to combat any form of major terror threats
- 11. Military co-operation • Friendly ties with the armed forces of other countries • Agreements for Singapore troops to train in countries such as France, Australia and India. • Regular military training activities • FPDA established for nations to cooperate and consult one another on measures to be taken
- 12. Group Work • Each group will take charge of each measure on deterrence. • Discuss with group members on how the measure helps to prevent & protect Singapore from threats. • Write your responses on the butcher paper. • Class discussion • 10 minutes for group work!
- 13. • Explain how each measure will ensure stability and peace in Singapore.
- 14. Importance of Deterrence • Self-reliance after being “abandoned” during Japanese Occupation and Indonesian Confrontation • Economy affected when defence is weak • People do not feel secure and foreign companies are not willing to invest in Singapore
- 15. Deterrence A citizen armed force Singapore’s defence industry Military cooperation with other countries 3rd Generation SAF Total Defence Multi-agency coordination
- 16. Diplomacy • The way in which countries manage or conduct relations with one another. • Promote common interests and to resolve conflicting interests in a peaceful manner.
- 18. Bilateral relations • Relationship between 2 countries o E.g. Singapore & Japan, Singapore & USA, Singapore & Malaysia • Singapore has been expanding bilateral relationships with many countries since its independence. • Offering help in times of need: humanitarian aid to Aceh when the earthquake hit in 2004. Singapore sent medicine, first aid, food parcels, water, etc. for homeless victims.
- 19. Regional relations • An association of countries in a region • Better position when dealing with other countries or associations. E.g. ASEAN, EU, SAARC
- 20. Regional relations • ASEAN initiatives o ASEAN Free Trade Area, ASEAN Regional Forum, Education and professional exchange, economic cooperation & assistance, environmental collaboration
- 21. Education & Professional Exchange • Singapore has provided training to 1700 officials from Laos since 1993. • Training on IT skills, learning English and handling trade promotions. • Scholarships offered to students of ASEAN countries so when they return to their home country they can contribute to their country’s development.
- 22. International relations • Involve ties among many countries or groupings throughout the world. • United Nations (UN) helped Singapore by sending experts to advise and help in the economic and social development of the country • Singapore received help in industrial planning and development in the 1970s
- 23. Importance of diplomacy • Diplomacy provides an opportunity for countries to pursue mutual interests. • It also enables them to cooperate with one another to solve common problems. • It also helps countries resolve conflicts, differences and disagreements peacefully. • Diplomacy also allows countries to help one another in times of need.