1. PLANNING

2. INTRODUCTION
All organisation whether its govt, a private
or a small firm requires planning. To turn
their dreams of increasing sales, earning
high profit and getting success in the
business all businessman have to think
about the future; make predictions and
achieve targets.
To decide what to do, how to do and when
to do is called planning.

3. DEFINITIONS
“ Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to
do and who is to do it. Planning bridges gap from
where we are to where we want to go. It makes it
possible for things to happen.”
Koontz & O'Donnell
“Planning is chalking out plan of action i.e., the result
envisaged in the line of action to be followed, the
stages to go through the methods to use.”
Henry Fayol

4. FEATURES OF PLANNING
Planning contributes to objectives
Its a pervasive function
Planning is primary function of management
Planning is futuristic exercise
Planning is continuous
Planning involves decision making
Planning is a mental exercise
Efficiency in operations

5. • Defining organisational objectives
• Develop premises for each alternatives
• List alternative was of reaching objectives
• Evaluating best objective to reach the objectives
• Selecting an alternative
• Formation of supportive plans
• Put the plans into action
• Follow up

6. TYPES OF PLANS
Objectives
Strategies
Single- use plans Standing plans
(programmes and (policies,procedures
budgets) ,methods and rules)

7. OBJECTIVES
Goals or aims the management wishes
for the organization to achieve
Should be distinguished from “vision”
“purpose” and “mission”
They are the specific targets to be
reached by the organization
Objectives take into account all stakes
and specify a common viewpoint
acceptable to all stakeholders

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF
OBJECTIVES
Objectives Objectives
are multiple have a priority
in number • The
• Eight key areas accomplishment
where objectives of one objective is
of performance
Objectives relatively more Objectives Objectives
and result have are either important than of are generally sometimes
to be set tangible or others arranged in clash with
intangible • Managers are hierarchy each other
confronted with
alternative goals
which must be
evaluated and
ranked

9. REQUIREMENT OF SOUND
OBJECTIVE
Objectives must both be clear and acceptable
• Unambiguous communication is helpful in ensuring clarity
of understanding
Objectives must support one another
• Objectives should interlock or interface with one
another.There should be a close knit relationship between
short range and long range objectives
Objective must be precise and measurable
Objectives should always remain valid

10. ADVANTAGES OF OBJECTIVES
Basis of planning Eliminate
Act as motivators
and developing haphazard action
Facilitate Basis for
Facilitate better
coordinated managerial
management
behavior control
Lessen
misunderstanding Provide legitimacy
and conflict

11. STRATEGY

12. WHAT IS A STRATEGY ??
Strategy is the determination of the basic long-
term goals and objectives of an enterprise
and the adoption of courses of action and
the allocation of resources necessary for
carrying out these goals.

13. THREE LEVELS OF STRATEGY
CORPORATE LEVEL
STRATEGY MULTIBUSINESS
CORPORATION
BUSINESS UNIT
STRATEGY STRATEGIC
BUSINESS
UNIT
FUNCTIONAL LEVEL
STRATEGY
RESEARCH
AND PRODUCTION MARKETING FINANCE
DEVELOPMENT

14. ECONOMIC FACTORS
Level of economic development
Trends in prices, exchange rates etc.
Supply of labour, raw materials etc.

15. COMPETITIVE FACTORS
Identification of competitors
Analysis of their performance and
programs
Protection of patents, trademarks,
industrial property rights etc

16. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS
Literacy level of the
population
Religious and social beliefs
Extent and rate of
urbanization

17. STANDING
PLANS

18. WHAT ARE STANDING PLANS??
Standing plans are designed for situations that
are repetitive often enough to justify a
standardized approach. The major types of
standing plans are:
 Policies
 Procedures
 Methods and
 Rules

19. POLICIES
It’s a general guideline.
Helps in channelizing the thinking of the members of
the organization.
Policies deal with “how to do” the work, they do not
dictate terms.
They only provide a framework.

20. TYPES OF POLICIES
Policies can be classified on the basis of
Classification on the basis of sources
a) Originated policies
b) Appealed policies
c) Implied policies
d) Externally imposed policies.
Classification on the basis of functions
Classification on the basis of organizational level

21. ADVANTAGES OF POLICIES
• Policies ensure uniformity of action in
. respect of various matters
• Policies speed up decisions at lower
. levels of the organization
• Policies make it easier for superiors to
. delegate more authority to subordinates

22. PLANNING SKILLS
Ability to think ahead.
Ability to define company objectives
Ability to forecast future
environment trends.
Ability to monitor the
implementation of strategies
Ability to frame correct strategies.

23. LIMITATIONS OF
PLANNING
Its flexibility
Advance It is
It is time- cannot be
It stifles the plans tend to sometimes It sometimes
consuming maintained
initiative of make based on faces people’s
and in rapidly
the manager administratio inaccurate resistance
expensive changing
n inflexible premises
situations

24. MAKING PLANNING
EFFECTIVE
Coordination
Communication
Participation
Proper Climate

25. PLANNING & CONTROLLING:
UNENDING PHENOMENON
Planning
Results
Controlling:
Corrective
Measures &
Follow Up

26. Case Study: Planning For A Miracle On
34th Street
Shifted focus from glizty goods to
moderated priced goods
Installed new satellite network to
connect suppliers with sales people
Launched their own 24*7 Cable
channel to advertise & sell their goods

27. A presentation by:
AKSHAY KARNATAK – 70
RAHUL CHAUDHRY- 67
RINCY JOSEPH-
VARSHA SHARMA
JATIN SAXENA