CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN AGRICULTURE AND HOW TO PLAN ABOUT AGRICULTURE INPUTS ESPECIALLY PESTICIDES BY DR MUHAMMAD ANJUM ALI DGA(EXT&AR) PUNJAB PAKISTAN

1. CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN
AGRICULTURE
Dr Muhammad Anjum Ali
Director General Agriculture (Ext&AR)
Punjab

2. AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Largest sector of the economy
21% of the Gross Domestic Product
45% manpower employment
70% of national agricultural output is from Punjab
63% share in export earnings
Economic Survey of Pakistan 2013-14

3. AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION
Sr.
No.
Crop
Production in Punjab
vs Pakistan
1 Wheat 76%
2 Cotton 71%
3 Rice 56%
4 Sugarcane 65%
5 Maize 78%
6 Mango 66%
7 Citrus 95%
8 Guava 82%
9 Dates 34%

4. PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT
Crops
Production
1947-48
(000 Tons)
Production
2013-14
(000 Tons)
Increase
(Times)
Wheat 2,637 19,470 7
Rice 253 3,481 14
Cotton lint (000 Bales) 735 9,526 13
Sugarcane 3,972 43,700 11
Maize 168 3,719 20
Potato 24 3,639 152
Citrus (1957-58) 79 1,930 24
Mango (1957-58) 102 1,280 13
Guava (1957-58) 15 379 25

5. MAJOR CROPS
0.0
2000.0
4000.0
6000.0
8000.0
10000.0
12000.0
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
COTTON (Production-000 Bales)
Production
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
COTTON (Average Yield-Mds/Acre)
Average Yield
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
SUGARCANE (Production-Mill. Tonns)
Production
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
SUGARCANE (Average Yield-Mds/Acre)
Average Yield

6. MAJOR CROPS
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
3500.0
4000.0
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
RICE (Production-000 Tonns)
Production
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
RICE (Average Yield-Mds/ Acre)
Average Yield
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
3500.0
4000.0
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
MAIZE (Production-000 Tonns)
Production
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
MAIZE (Average Yield-Mds/ Acre)
Average Yield

7. MAJOR CROPS
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14(Target)
2013-14
WHEAT (Production-000 Tonns)
Production
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14(Target)
2013-14
WHEAT (Average Yield-Mds/ Acre)
Average Yield
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
GRAM (Production-000 Tonns)
Production
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
GRAM (Average Yield-Mds/ Acre)
Average Yield

8. CHALLANGES
Food Security for the burgeoning population
Reduction in Food Import Bill
Soil, Water, Climate Change
Diversification, Intensification and Value Addition
Management of Agriculture Inputs and enabling environment
Compliance to the International Standards
Harvesting the benefits of strategic location
Human Resource Development & Policy Reforms

9. CULTIVATED AREA IN PUNJAB
Year
Per Capita Total Area
(Kanal)
Per Capita Cultivated
Area (Kanal)
1951 20.0 8.7
1961 16.0 7.8
1972 11.0 5.8
1981 8.60 4.8
1998 5.50 3.3
2008 4.50 2.7
2012 4.20 2.2
2030 1.74 1.02

10. LAND OWNERSHIP PATTERN
SIZE (Acres) % FARMS % CULT. AREA
<12.5 85.3 47.2
12.5 – 25 9.6 21.5
25 – 50 4.0 16.5
50 – 100 1.0 8.3
100 – 150 < 0.1 2.3
>150 < 0.1 4.2

11. SOIL
• Urbanization, Erosion, Over-Grazing
Range Lands, Land Fragmentation,
Flood Losses
LOSSES
• Soil Fertility, Water Logging, Salinity,
Less Water, Compaction, Low Organic
Matter
Health

12. WATER
Declining resources, Increase Use,
Low Efficiency
SURFACE WATER:
Water Shed
Management,
Storage,
Small/Mini-dam,
Development of
Water Based
Agriculture
WATER BASED
Technologies,
Desert
Agriculture,
Saline
Agriculture
SUB SURFACE
WATER
Over-pumping,
Quality loss, One
million pumps
No Ground water
rationing
RAINFED (Rain-
Fed Agriculture,
Hill-Torrents,
Rain Water
Harvesting)

13. CLIMATE CHANGE
• Visible impacts, Less Preparedness,
• Less Coordination, Funding R&D
PROBLEMS
• Climate Smart Agriculture, Early Warning
Systems, SUPARCO, PAKMET, PITB,
Agriculture, work together, Data Bank,
Trainings and Awareness
ACTIONS

14. SEED
• Up-gradation of Infrastructure, P.P.
Partnership, Promotion & subsidies,
Seed Exchange, Adoption of certified
seed. Horticulture Seed Sector
R&D
• Quarantine Laws, Reforms, Seed Act, Plant
Breeders Rights
Imports

15. SEED REQUIREMENT VS AVAILABILITY
Crop
Total Seed
Requirement
Seed Availability
Public Private Imported
Wheat 1085,400 70,560 200,690 -
Cotton 40,000 7,000 10,175.25 -
Rice 42,480 5,068 28,216 3,840.69
Maize 31,914 245 2,527.89 11,617.83
Pulses 47,496 24 665.81 -
Oil Seed 10,582 5 37 1,320.08
Vegetable 9,070 7 58 4,743.72
Fodder 40,138 4 6 20,921.01
Potato 372,725 33 30 4,217.15
TOTAL 1679,805 82946 242405.95 46,660
(Metric Tons)

16. MACHINERY
• Wide Tractor Implement Ratio, Big
gap in mechanization, Less skilled
operators, Dearth in Quality and
Range (Primary, Secondary and
Tertiary Implements) No Scale
Specific Machinery, Imports &
Reverse Engineering, Bio-energy
CHALLANGE

17. FERTLIZER
•Increasing use of Macro-Micro
Fertilizers, Cost of Fertilizers,
Im-balance Use, wide range,
Late Imports, Low NPK Ratio,
Low Fertilizer Use Efficiency,
Imp-proper Placement, Tracking
and pricing
CHALLANGE

18. (000 N. Tons)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
N P K
FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION

19. FERTILIZER DEMAND
0.00
500.00
1,000.00
1,500.00
2,000.00
2,500.00
3,000.00
3,500.00
4,000.00
4,500.00
(000Tonnes)
Nutrient (000 Tones)
N
P2O5
K2O

20. NITROGEN
3476
3133
3206
2852
3182
2669
2462
2541
2362
2631
901
383
871
491 551
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
OFFTAKE LOCAL
PRODUCTION
IMPORT
(000 N. Tons)

21. PHOSPHATE
(000 N. Tons)
860
766
633
746
875
403
423 431
473 467
522
244
291 274
408
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
OFFTAKE LOCAL
PRODUCTION
IMPORT

22. POTASH
(000 N. Tons)
23
32
21
20
24
10
12
10 10
11
21
18
15
11
13
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
OFFTAKE LOCAL
PRODUCTION
IMPORT

23. PESTICIDES
• Increase application of Insecticide due
to Productivity Enhancement
Intensification and Diversification,
Weedicide Usage increased (Labor
Shortage), No facility of manufacturing
and only formulation , New Chemistry,
Joint Ventures, Manufacturing facilities
to satisfy Pakistan and neighboring
countries needs
CHALLANGE

24. PESTICIDES
• Initiatives to Increase production,
GSP Plus advantage (Duty Free
Imports by 28 EU Countries,
Previous Rate: 8% (Cotton Fabric),
Simplified Process of Registration
for Products and Pesticides
Manufacturing Units
OPPERTUNITIES

25. PESTICIDE CONSUMPTION
63
52 56
70
96 95
67 70
48
74
65
78
121
99
57
101
66
73
133
160
188
215
0
50
100
150
200
250
1992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013
Millions
Pesticide Consumption Value (USD)
Value (USD)
Department of Plant Protection, Karachi, Pakistan

26. PESTICIDE IMPORT
23
20
25
43 43
38
42
46
61
48
70
78
130
105
44
94
39 41
74
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Thousands
Pesticide Import (Tonnes)
Consumption
Department of Plant Protection, Karachi, Pakistan

27. ANTI-ADULTERATION CAMPAIGN
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Unfit Samples 79 109 145 169 159 227 175 158 191 367 548 305 180 281 204 303 70
Analyzed Samples 2682 3066 3460 3666 5327 5422 6548 5722 5473 6113 6481 4895 5614 8441 7933 8217 3878
No.ofSamples
Pesticide Sampling Report

28. PESTICIDES
• Under Current System all Exports
from China to Middle Eastern and
African Countries are Routed via
Sea, This Export Channel Takes Days
Ranging from 18-32 Days, Results in
High Financial Cost, Time and
Expense
EXPORTOPPERTUNITIES

29. Current Export Channel
Dubai

30. PESTICIDES
China will be linked to Arabian Sea through
Pakistan
Easy Connection to Central Asian
Countries, Middle Eastern Countries,
African Countries and Europe.
Benefits, Reducing Time Required to Reach
Karachi (Pakistan) and Middle Eastern
Countries by 10 Days.
This will provide Chinese Exporters a New
Lucrative Market

31. The New Route
This New Route will Benefit
Chinese Exporter through:
Time Saving
Cost Saving
Access to Major
Agricultural Market

32. CHINA-PAKISTAN
PESTICIDES MANUFACTURING & EX-IMP
SEED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
MICRONUTRIENTS MANUFACTURING AND EX-IMP
MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
JOINT VENTURES IN AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGIES

33. Thank You
谢谢您
謝謝您