sanitation notes for b.sc ii year notes

1. Unit-II Environment Sanitation
Dr.Anjalatchi Muthukumaran
Vice principal
Era college of Nursing

2. • BJECTIVES • Define Environmental Sanitation
• Identify the Importance of Environmental
Sanitation • Explain the Components of
Environmental Sanitation • Discuss Sanitation
at house hold Level • Appreciate Sanitation at
community Level • Narrate on World
Environment Day • Understand Laws
Protecting Environment

3. DEFINITION
• Environmental sanitation" means the art and
science of applying sanitary, biological and
physical science principles and knowledge to
improve and control the environment therein for
the protection of the health and welfare of the
public.
• 4. IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Promotes health Prevents disease transmission
Eliminates breeding places of insects Improves
quality of life

4. WATER SANITATION
• The provision of Safe water, Sanitation and Hygiene(WASH)
are crucial for human health and well-being.
• Safe Drinking water-Provision of RO Systems and Cooler in
Schools
• Boiling water in household
• Awareness and sensitization sessions-In School and
Community
• Construction of Household Toilet ,School, community toilet
complex
• Maintenance of Toilets
• Cleanliness Drives
• Rainwater Harvesting

5. Waste disposal
• Waste management (or waste disposal)
include the activities and actions required to
manage waste from its inception to its final
disposal.
• This includes the collection, transport,
treatment and disposal of waste, together
with monitoring and regulation of the waste
management process

6. Methods of waste disposal
• (a) Dumping
• (b) Controlled tipping or sanitary land-fill
• (c) Incineration
• (d) Composting
• (e) Manure pits
• (f) Burial

7. FOOD SANITATION
• Practice Good Personal Hygiene
• Clean Utensils and Cooking Equipment
• Separate Raw and Ready to Eat Foods
• Wash Fruits and Vegetables Before Use
• Use Appropriate Kitchen Tools for Food Preparation
• Food Handler’s should maintain Hygiene and positive Health
• Keep Dry Foods Separate From Liquids
• Cook Food to an Appropriate Temperature
• Keep Insects and Pests Away From Food Areas
• Always Use Clean Water to Prepare Food
• Clean the Kitchen and Mop the Floor After Each Food Preparation
• Keep Kitchen Towels, Sponges and Cleaning Cloths Clean and
Replace Regularly

8. AIR SANITATION
• Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive
quantities of substances are introduced into
Earth’s atmosphere

9. Health effects of pollution

10. MAINTENANCE OF GOOD
VENTILATION AND AIR
• 1) To remove the resumed air from the buildings
• 2) To supply oxygen for humans in the buildings
• 3) To remove the excessive moisture
• 4) To cool the body of humans and remove the
excessive heat
• 5) To prevent the suffocations of theatres,
assembly halls and other public meeting places.
• 6) To cool the surrounding objects and freshen
the atmosphere inside the buildings.

11. Good ventilating system
• A good ventilating system should have the following
characteristics:
• 1) It should be possible to control the incoming and
outgoing air from the rooms.
• 2) It should freshen each and every corner of the room and
there should be no stagnant pockets left.
• 3) It should only allow the entrance of fresh air free from
dirt and excessive moisture.
• 4) It should draw sufficient quantity of fresh air which is
necessary for preventing stagnation.
• 5) It should also allow the control over the room
temperature which should not decrease or increase than
that required for comfortable working and living

13. Primary sources of indoor air pollution

14. Prevention of air pollution

17. Effect of global warming

18. Human caused global warming
changes

19. Prevention of global warming

20. How to reduce the global warming

21. SANITATION AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
• Proper personal hygiene, including frequent
hand washing
• Proper cleaning and sanitizing of all food
contact surfaces and utensils;
• Proper cleaning and sanitizing of food
equipment;
• Good basic housekeeping and maintenance;

22. SANITATION AT COMMUNITY LEVEL
• In 1999, the Indian government introduced the
Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) to accelerate
sanitation coverage throughout the country,
particularly in rural areas.
• It focused on information and education to
generate public demand for sanitation facilities,
particularly in schools.
• It was renamed Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in 2012
and relaunched as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in
2014.

23. SWACHH BHARAT MISSION CLEAN
INDIA
The campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014
at Raighat, New Delhi by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi.
AIM
• The mission aimed to achieve an "open-defecation
free" (ODF) India by 2 October 2019, the 150th
anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi.
• The mission aimed at directly contributing to India
achieving target 6.2 of the Sustainable Development
Goal, established by the United Nations in 2015.

24. WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY
• World Environment Day is celebrated on 5
June every year.
• The theme for the World Environment Day
2020 is “TIME FOR NATURE“ with a focus on
its role in providing essential infrastructure
that supports life on earth and human
development.

25. LAWS PROTECTING ENVIRONMENT
• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986;
• The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980;
• The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972;
• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1974;
• Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981
• The Indian Forest Act, 1927.