1. OBJECT OBSERVATION AND WORK SAFETY
A. Supporting Instruments for
Observation
1. Supporting instruments in the
field
Binoculars >> it is used to observe a long distance
object, such as bird behavior, eaten pattern deer and
types of birds.
Cameras >>have been used by researchers to record
they researched objects
With a camera, scientific evidence of organism
discovery or natural event can be seen clearly.
Thermometers >> an instrument to measure
temperature
pH meters >> an instrument to measure the level of
acidity of liquid or soil where observation in
condected

2. 2. Supporting instruments in the laboratory
Dissecting Kits > used to observe the anatomy
of an animal or a plant
Dissection boards Scalpels
Dissection needles Sucking papers
Specimen bottles Curved spincers
Dissecting forceps Angular spincers
curved
Dissecting forceps Loupes
angular
Surgical Chlorofor
scissors m
Loupes > the simplest magnifier, magnify
between 2-20x

3. Microscope
The first microscope was invented by
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Light microscope, use in laboratory in
scholls and university. The light come from
the sunlight or lamp.
Binocular microscope is a stereo microscope
with two ocular lense, use to observe the
surface of three dimensions object
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),
as very sophisticated microscope

4. Parts of a Microscope Optical part
Mechanic part
The optical
partsAn oculer lens, the top most lens in the
microscope, to mignify the object image. The
image reflected by the lens is virtual, upright and
magnified.
An objective lens, the lens close to the observed
object. The image yielded is real, inverted and
magnified.
A diaphragm, a part of the microscope that
function to adjust the intensity of the coming
light

5. A reflected consist, consist of flat and concave mirros that
function to direct the reflected light that comes or falls on
the object lens.
The Mechanical parts of a microscope
A condensor that functions to collect the light to light
the microscope slide.
A macrometer, used to quickly adjust the microscope
body tube to get the correct focus of the object.
A micrometer, used to find the clearest
image
A revolver, used to select the optioned objective lens
A body tube, a tube which connects oculer lens
and objective lens.
A stage, the place where we put our slide

6. A slide holder, used to hold in place so it will not move
easily
A coarse, used to adjust the angel of the stand of
the microscope body
Arm, used to hold the microscope
A base is the holder of microscope body

7. How to Use Microscope
Take the microscope from its storage place
carefully
Procedure: hold the microscope with one of your
hands whereas the other hands supports base
of the microscope
Put the microscope on a flat table. Adjust
that arm of the microscope is located
precisely before you.
Rotate revolver that objective lens at
magnification precisely on the
stage, until “click” sound is heard

8. How to Use Microscope
Lower tube of the microscope by rotating
macrometer that objective lens is about 1 cm
above the stage.
Put the mount to observe on the stage
Adjust that part to observe is precisely
on the stage hole. Clip the mount using
stage clips.
While seeing from side view, rotate macrometer
carefully that tube of the microscope goes down
until it almost touches mount

9. How to Use Microscope
While observing by ocular lens, rotate micrometer
slowly to raise tube of the microscope that the
mount is clearly seen
Rotate micrometer to get best focus
To see the mount at strong magnification, rotate
revolver until “click” sound is heard and strong
objective lens is precisely above the stage.