2. Descriptions of classrooms
(Doyle 1990, in Watkins et al. 1996)
Classroom are crowded
and busy place in which groups of
students who vary in interests and
abilities must be organized and
directed. Moreover these groups
arrange regularly for along time to
achieve a wide variety of task.
Many events occur at the same
time, teachers must react often
and immediately to situation, and
the course of events is highly
unpredictable.
4. Classroom are deeply and
fundamentally social contexts,
it’s primarily concerns
managing people, their
relationships with each other,
and the activities they jointly
undertake .
Claxton (1984): schools and
classrooms are places children
experience a range of social
encounters.
5. Classrooms as Cultures
Culture is dynamic and open to
change and development. In the
classrooms, the difficulties in
communication occur when the
participants are from different
ethnic background.
Here the teacher have the
important role to interpret the
verbal and non-verbal interaction
in classroom.
6. Characteristic of classroom as
culture
Social
Psychological
Cultural
Formation
Participants are involved in verbal and non-verbal
interaction from easily to problematically
Classroom is a combination & permutation of the different
social realities of participants
Individual cultural membership is evaluated
Hard to seek social & emotional stability
Bound up with ideology, power relations & socialization
Accomplished through discussion system
7. Classroom as communities
of practice
Build, spread, maintain, and renew knowledge
‘knower’ act as ‘helper’
Members are learning and participating in the
practices of education and of teaching learning
8. Classroom as ‘ecologies’
The classroom is part of a much larger web of relations
or closer to the real experience of teacher & learner
Learner interact with whatever is available in the
classroom, intentionally or accidentally linguistic or
gestural
10. Classroom and Talk
Classroom discourse is a prototype of culture in a
country.
Talk is part of the ongoing process of classroom life
(educational talk) as well as the content or outcome of
situated activity there (educated people).
11. Teachers and language
The role of a Teacher is for delivering lesson in to the
class, to gain opportunity in build a knowledge.
Special uses of language are central to the classroom life.
