Third era of computing

1. → Turing Machine
→ Automating manual processes,
tabulating data
→ Reducing manual effort and time
→ IBM System/360 (S/360), Mainframes,
AS/400
→ Computing Power (Moore’s Law)
→ Systems need to be explicitly programmed using
explicit logic and rules. Pre programmed
→ Personal Computers (PCs), Communication
(Networked PCs, Client/Server, Internet, WWW)
→ Automating business processes
→ Mostly structured data
→ Systems that learn from historical data and can make
predictions. Not rule based system.
→ Uses Machine Learning, NLP to analyze unstructured data
(text, image, audio, video)
→ Predictive Analytics, Deep Learning, Neural Nets,
→ OCR, Speech recognition, Text to speech, Face recognition,
Video analysis, …
→ Cognitive Services (pay as you go model) – IBM Watson,
Microsoft Cognitive Services, …
→ Robotics, Internet of Things, Conversational Systems,
Wearables, Blur of physical & virtual
→ Still mostly Weak AI / Narrow AI
Third Era of Computing - Cognitive Systems/AI First
* From “The Computing Universe” by Tony Hey and Gyuri Papav
→ Strong AI / Full AI
→ Artificial General
Intelligence (AGI)
Tabulating Machines
1960 – 1980
Programmable Systems
1980 - 2010
Cognitive Systems
2010 - Current
Real AI ?
?