Guide Questions The Globalization of World Politics Baylis and Smith

1. What is globalization?
What are the economic manifestations of
globalization?
Increasing interdependence and communication
Shared experiences and common social issues
Aims to remove boarders
International trade and finance
Open doors to free trade (trade without barriers)
Multinational corporations (MNC) and Foreign
Direct Investments (FDI)

2. What is globalization?
What are the political manifestations of
globalization?
Increasing interdependence and communication
Shared experiences and common social issues
Aims to remove boarders
Globalization questions the state-centric conception of
world politics
State is the legal authority composed of different nations
(West-phalia,1648)
Elements of State (Sovereignty, Territory, People,
Government)
Nation involves the people who have the same heritage or
culture

3. What is globalization?
What are the social/cultural manifestations
of globalization?
Increasing interdependence and communication
Shared experiences and common social issues
Aims to remove boarders
Migration
CNNization
reflecting new agencies
Competitors extend their reach
Dilemma is biased on world affairs
Globalization of popular culture

4. Explain: Globalization is both a
positive and negative phenomenon
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
• World economy is • Asymmetrical globalization
interdependent technological divide (New
• Communications have York to Africa)
fundamentally revolutionalized • Rise of Intra-state wars
the way we deal with the world conflict within state borders
• Global culture so that more • New face of capitalism? (Tool
urban areas resemble one of American Hegemony)
another
• The world is becoming
homogeneous cosmopolitan
culture is developing (People
are beginning to think
globally)

5. What is a state? What are the elements
of the state?
State is the legal authority
composed of different nations
Elements of State (Sovereignty,
Territory, People, Government)

6. Discuss the three basic elements of
reaslism: Statism, Survival, Self-help
STATISM
sovereign states are the primary actors
SURVIVAL
the pre-condition for attaining all other goals
SELF-HELP
No other state can be relied on

7. Explain the consequences/s of international
anarchy: Security Dilemma and Balance of
PowerBALANCE OF
SECURITY
DILEMMA POWER
• Anarchic system, • Building alliances in
weakens trust and result of a rising
hegemon
makes states hesistant
• Powerful states will
to interact with one
prosper
another
• In any case that the
• Insecurities on the hegemon would
development of others invade, there are allies
• Wants more power

8. Compare realism and liberalism in
terms of Key actors, Key concerns,
Approach to peace and Global outlook
Realism Liberalism
Key Actors States States, International
Institutions
Key War and security Institutionalized peace
Concerns
Approach to Protect sovereign autonomy Institutional regimes
Peace Military preparedness & through democratization
alliances Open markets
Global Pessimistic (Negative) Optimistic (Positive)
Outlook Great powers are locked in Cooperative view of
relentless and security human nature

9. Differentiate relative gains and
absolute gains
RELATIVE GAINS ABSOLUTE GAINS
• Zero sum- my gain is • As long as both states
your loss gain regardless of how
• One state can only get much they gain
richer with the loss of • Total effect of decision
other states • Will engage in
• Individuals gains in comparative and expand
respect to others • Country can produce a good at a lower
opportunity cost than a competitor

10. Pick one variant of Liberalism and
explain
LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM
IDEALISM
LIBERAL INSTITUTIONALISM
NEO LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM
NEO IDEALISM
NEOLIBERAL INSTITUTIONALISM

11. What is the Democratic Peace Treaty?
Liberal states will not go to war
with other liberal states.
Liberal states will go to war with
non-liberal states

12. Explain why the Peace of Westphalia of
1648 was the turning point in the
history of International Relations
Ended the 30years war
2principles was established
Sovereignty
Collective security

13. Explain how the following are the
causes of World War I : Nationalism
and the Rise of Germany
Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
Minority Groups demand independence
Germany feared encirclement
Imperialism bid for power reflected in the
desires for colonies

14. Explain how the following are the causes of
World War II: the harsh terms of the
Versailles Treaty and German expansionism
Germany angered over war guilt clause
Sought to restore Germany to its original
boarders
Fascism - Totalitarian philosophy ( glorifies the
state and nation, and assigns to the state and
nation every aspect of nation life)

15. What accounts for the weakness of the
League of Nations?
Explain how the League of Nations failed
to prevent World War II
The US did not join the league
Adopted a policy of appeasement
Giving concessions to an agressor

16. Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbour?
It was a surprise attack
Principal American Naval Base in
the Pacific
Only chance to avoid total defeat
was to launch a pre-emptive strike
against the US Naval Forces

17. Differentiate collective security from
military alliance. Give examples.
COLLECTIVE MILLITARY
SECURITY ALLIANCE
• Peace is universal • Agreement between 2 or
• More permanent(exist more military forces
even without war) • Related to war time
• Agree not to attack each • Can be both offensive and
other and defend defensive
• Attack against one is an • Help support military
attack for all • Only exist in war time
• League of Nations, • Allies, Axis, Central
United Nations

18. Discuss the three explanations for the
start of Cold War: Traditionalist,
Revisionist, Post-revisionist
Traditionalist – USSR’s fault, they wanted to extend eastward
covering Eastern Europe and eventually hear the US. The US was
alarmed and only moved for defense. USSR expand communism
Revisionist – US fault, they were being aggressive rather than
defensive. They treated USSR expansions were agressive. Poland
being or buffer zone. Russia was only defensive. US to expand
market
Post-revisionist – Neither the superpowers fault.
Misunderstanding, US interest, concerns in helping European Allies
after the war

19. Discuss the significance of the 1962
Cuban Missile Crisis (détente and
MAD)
 Closest confrontation
 Détente (loosening, relaxation of
tension between previously antagonistic
by MAD)
 A condition in which a nuclear attack
by other state would only be measured

20. Pick two explanations for the end of the
Cold War and explain
Impact of Gorbachev’s reform process
Perestoika (slogan)
Introduction of elements of market and private
ownership
Glasnost (slogan)
Freedom, political openness
New approach to relations with US and USSR
Abandonment of Brezhner Doctrine and
replacement of Sinatra Doctrine allowing Europe
to do it their way meant that Gorbachev, USSR
refused this intervene

21. Pick two explanations for the end of the
Cold War and explain
The structural weakness
Economic weakness
Central planned economies became less effective
than capitalist economies in delivering general
prosperity and production modern consumer goods
Political Weakness
Communist regions structurally unresponsive to
pressure
Absence of competitors elections, free and man