The document discusses several theories of how humans learn: - Classical conditioning proposes that learning occurs through associations between stimuli and responses. Operant conditioning suggests learning is based on reinforcement and punishment. - Cognitive theories view learning as a mental process where people receive, interpret, store and share information. - Constructivist theories propose that learning is an active, constructive process where people build their own understanding through experiences and reflection. - Additional theories discussed how humans learn through processes like stimulus learning, chaining, multiple discrimination, concept learning, principle learning and problem solving. - Several approaches to learning a new language are outlined, including using communities, extrasensory perception, problem-solving exercises, total physical response, and natural environments

1. HUMANS LEARN THROUGH:
THEORIES OF
LEARNING
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORISTIC CONSTRUCTIVIST
CLASSICAL OPERANT

2. Proposed by Parlov
• Learns from existing behaviour
• Builds up on associations
• Stimulus and Response are interrelated
• Elicited Response
• Respondent Conditioning
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

3. OPERANT CONDITIONING
REINFORCEMENT
Increase behavior
PUNISHMENT
Decrease
Behavior
NEGATIVE
Remove
stimulus
POSITIVE
Provide
stimulus
POSITIVE
Add
stimulus
NEGATIVE
ACTIVE
AVOIDANCE
Behavior
avoids
stimulus
ESCAPE
Remove and
Correct

4. Proposed by David Ausubel.
Learning acquired by mental process in which
learners receive information, interpret it,
store it and share it. It´s like taking in inputs,
proccesing them and provide an outcome.
COGNITIVE THEORY

5. • Offered by Rogers
• Learners build up their own understanding
• Students are active and constructive
• Meditation about own knowledge and
other´s
• Personal experiences construct new learning
• Dynamic process that builds up objetive
thinking
CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY

6. HUMANS LEARN BY:
SIGNAL LEARNING
Learners acquire knowledge by responding
to a signal.
STIMULUS
Called intrumental response due to the fact
that it responds to a stimulus in order to get
motivated.

7. HUMANS LEARN BY:
CHAINING
Learning by connections. Making stimulus
chains to acquire knowledge
VERBAL ASSOCIATION
Employs language association and
interaction in the learning process

8. HUMANS LEARN BY:
MULTIPLE DESCRIMINATION
Different responses to different stimulus.
Behavior depends on the kind of
motivation given.
CONCEPT LEARNING
Learners acquire knowledge by
understanding processes, concepts and
theories.

9. HUMANS LEARN BY:
PRINCIPLE LEARNING
Behavior and experience are involved
around two or more concepts
PROBLEM SOLVING
An issue is presented and critical thinking,
which develops into knowledge, is used to
solve it.

10. HUMANS LEARN A NEW LANGUAGE BY:
COMMUNITY LANGUAGE
LEARNING
A group of people get together to perform different
activities in order to generate a knowledge that is
convinient for the community.

11. HUMANS LEARN A NEW LANGUAGE BY:
SUGGESTOPEDIA
Uses extrasensory perception to obtain mental retetion
and gain language knowledge.

12. HUMANS LEARN A NEW LANGUAGE BY:
THE SILENT WAY
Learners recreates rather than remembering.
Uses materials to gain knowledge
Problem-solving cases are presented

13. HUMANS LEARN A NEW LANGUAGE BY:
TOTAL PHYSICAL
RESPONSE
Imperatives are used to give orders so learners do what
theyare asked to do it

14. HUMANS LEARN A NEW LANGUAGE BY:
THE NATURAL APPROACH
Real life situations are encouraged to use all the
language skills learned