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IMPORTANCIA DE LAS MATEMÁTICAS EN LAS CONSTRUCCIONES
                 DE TODOS LOS TIEMPOS
IMPORTANCIA DE LA MATEMÁTICAS PARA LOS
             ASTRONAUTAS
NUMEROS REALES
               R



 NUMEROS                NUMEROS
RACIONALES            IRRACIONALES
     Q                      I



 NUMEROS
 ENTEROS
     Z

                  +
ENTEROS POSITIVOS Z      NUMEROS
         Y               NATURALES
ENTEROS NEGATIVOS Z          N
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS:
   UBIQUE UNA "X” EN EL CASILLERO QUE
CORRESPONDA CADA UNO DE LOS EJERCICIOS.


                     N      Z      Q      I   R
 -           5
         1
     5
         4
                 1
     -           4
         0
         𝜋
 -
         4
 52
 100
  8
  7
1.983
 0.53
0.3333
         16
SIGNOS IGUALES              5 + 7 = 12
 SE SUMAN Y SE PONE ESE
        SIGNO              -5 – 7 = -12
  SIGNOS DIFERENTES             12 - 8 = 4
  SE RESTAN Y SE PONE EL       -12 + 8 = - 4
SIGNO DE MAYOR CANTIDAD
LEY DE
  SIGNOS             RESULTADO
MULTIPLICACION
  /DIVISION


     +           +      +
     +           -      -
     -           +      -
     -           -      +
REGLAS PARA EXPONENTES

      XN XM = XN+M
      (XN )M = XMN

      (XY)N = XNYN




  XN/YN = XNY-M      Y≠0
𝒂         𝒂         a÷b         ab   -1
                  𝒃
    𝒃
REGLA: EL DENOMINADOR JAMAS DEBE SER CERO
EN ESTE CASO 𝑏≠ 0
SI 𝒂 ES UN NUMERO DISTINTO DE CERO,
             ENTONCES
     5            0              0
     0            2              0

 ESTA          SU         ES
  INDEFINIDO     RESULTADO   INDETERMINADO
                 ES CERO
4 8 6
a a a
 -3 -4 -7
a a a
 -7 9 -5
a a a
 -7 19 -5
a a a
  4 3
(b )
  -5 -9
(b )
  -6 4
(b )
  8 -6
(b )
4 8 6       4+8+6        18
a a a       a        =a
 -3 -4 -7     -3-4-7       -14
a a a       a        =a
 -7 9 -5      -7+9-5        -12+9    -3
a a a       a          =a         =a
 -7 19 -5     -7+19-5        -12+19     7
a a a       a           =a          =a
  4 3         4*3       12
(b )        b =b
  -5 -9       (-5)(-9)    45
(b )        b          =b
  -6 4        (-6)4     24
(b )        b =b
  8 -6        8(-6)     -48
(b )        b =b
COMBINACION
(d3)4 (d5)7
(d3)-7 (d5)-6
  -10 4 -12 5
(d ) (d )
     3      5      4
(XY) (XY) (XY)
(X-5Y-8)2 (X-2Y-3)4 (X-15Y-6)2
(X-5Y-2)-3 (X-4Y-9)-4 (X8Y3)2
    𝑋 8     𝑋 9 𝑋 5
    𝑌       𝑌      𝑌
    𝑋 -5      𝑋 -6   𝑋 -8
     𝑌        𝑌      𝑌
     𝑋 -9     𝑋 15 𝑋 -13
     𝑌       𝑌      𝑌
    𝑋3 8    𝑋 5 3 𝑋 12 4
(   𝑌 9 ) ( 𝑌 9 ) ( 𝑌 11 )
    𝑋 −8 6      𝑋 3 -5 𝑋 −4 9
(     𝑌 9 ) ( 𝑌 −7 ) ( 𝑌 −5 )
34   57                     12 35    12+35     47
(d ) (d )                    d d =d =d
  3 -7 5 -6                   -21 -30 -51
(d ) (d )                    d d =d
  -10 4 -12 5                 -40 -60 -100
(d ) (d )                    d d =d
     3     5     4            3+5+4 3+5+4 12 12
(XY) (XY) (XY)               X Y =X Y
  -5 -8 2 -2 -3 4 -15 -6 2          -48 -40
(X Y ) (X Y ) (X Y )               X Y
  -5 -2 -3 -4 -9 -4 8 3 2     47 48
(X Y ) (X Y ) (X Y )         X Y
  𝑋 8 𝑋 9 𝑋 5                 𝑋 22      22 -22
                                      =X Y
  𝑌   𝑌   𝑌                   𝑌 22
𝑋 -5   𝑋 -6 𝑋 -8         𝑋 −19
                                      -19 19
                                   =X Y
  𝑌      𝑌        𝑌        𝑌 −19
  𝑋 -9   𝑋 15 𝑋 -13        𝑋 −7
                                     -7 7
  𝑌      𝑌        𝑌          −7    =X Y
                           𝑌
   3     5
 𝑋 8 𝑋 3 𝑋 4     12        𝑋 87
                                     87 -44
( 9 ) ( 9 ) ( 11 )           44    =X Y
 𝑌     𝑌       𝑌           𝑌
   −8
 𝑋 6 𝑋 -5 𝑋 93        −4   𝑋 −99
                                      -99 -44
( 9 ) ( −7 ) ( −5 )          44    =X Y
   𝑌       𝑌        𝑌      𝑌
PROPIEDADES DE LOS RADICALES
       𝑁      𝑁
    SI 𝑎 Y 𝑏 SON NUMEROS REALES:
    𝑁     𝑁   𝑁
      𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎 𝑏
𝑀 𝑁            𝑀𝑁
          𝑎=            𝑎    (a≥0)
                   𝑁
 𝑁    𝑎                 𝑎
           =       𝑁          (b ≠ 0)
      𝑏                 𝑏
𝑁       𝑀=             𝑁 𝑀
      𝑎        𝑎
APLICACIÓN DE LAS PROPIEDADES
          DE RADICALES
     3              3    3
        𝑀𝑎 5           𝑀     𝑎5
                      20
      5 4                  𝑎
          𝑎
            4       𝑎    4
                                 𝑎
                    𝑏    4
                                 𝑏
        6                    5
                    𝑎5   𝑎       6
    3
        9(7)5
        5       4
                     8
            4   3
                7
        6
                25
APLICACIÓN DE LAS PROPIEDADES
          DE RADICALES
     3              3    3
        𝑀𝑎 5           𝑀     𝑎5
                      20
      5 4                  𝑎
          𝑎
            4       𝑎        4
                                      𝑎
                    𝑏         4
                                      𝑏
        6                         5
                    𝑎5        𝑎       6
    3                    3        3
        9(7)5                9         75
                             20
        5       4                     8
                     8
                              4
            4   3                     3
                              4
                7                     7
        6                         5
                25           2        6
ORDEN DE PRIORIDAD            EJEMPLOS
IDENTIFICAR SUS TERMINOS               -8 + 9
                                 8      5/3
      POTENCIACION             5 , 9, 6 …..
                                                18
MULTIPLICACION Y DIVISION   8X9 ,7*4,5(8), 9/3 ,
                                                 6
      SUMA Y RESTA             9+5, 15-9, -9-7
3
               [2 X5 – 8]

a) 23X5, – 8
b) 23 = 8
c) 8x5=40
d) 40-8
                 23X5 – 8
                 23X5 -8
                  8x5 -8
                   40-8
                    32
CUANDO USAMOS
 PARENTESIS, CORCHETES,
         LLAVES,
ETC…DESARROLLAMOS LOS
 EJERCICIOS DE ADENTRO
     HACIA AFUERA
33X5-45/32+5X2    𝟖𝟏 +   𝟏𝟒𝟒 /4

 33X5-45/32+5X2    𝟖𝟏 +   𝟏𝟒𝟒 /4




33X5 -45/32 +5X2 𝟖𝟏 + 𝟏𝟒𝟒 /4
   9X5-45/9 +5X2𝑿𝟗 +𝟏𝟐 /4
         45 -5 +90 +𝟑
             133
2        2    𝟑
  27+ [26X3 +(4 - 8X3 X           𝟐𝟕)]
                         𝟑
27+ [26X3 +(42- 8X32 X       𝟐𝟕)]


   27+ [78+(16 - 8X9 X𝟑)]
    27+ [78+(16 - 216)]
     27+ [78+( - 200)]
       27+ [78- 200]
         27+ [- 122]
          27 – 122
            - 95

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Matematica Basica

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. IMPORTANCIA DE LAS MATEMÁTICAS EN LAS CONSTRUCCIONES DE TODOS LOS TIEMPOS
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. IMPORTANCIA DE LA MATEMÁTICAS PARA LOS ASTRONAUTAS
  • 8. NUMEROS REALES R NUMEROS NUMEROS RACIONALES IRRACIONALES Q I NUMEROS ENTEROS Z + ENTEROS POSITIVOS Z NUMEROS Y NATURALES ENTEROS NEGATIVOS Z N
  • 9.
  • 10. EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS: UBIQUE UNA "X” EN EL CASILLERO QUE CORRESPONDA CADA UNO DE LOS EJERCICIOS. N Z Q I R - 5 1 5 4 1 - 4 0 𝜋 - 4 52 100 8 7 1.983 0.53 0.3333 16
  • 11. SIGNOS IGUALES 5 + 7 = 12 SE SUMAN Y SE PONE ESE SIGNO -5 – 7 = -12 SIGNOS DIFERENTES 12 - 8 = 4 SE RESTAN Y SE PONE EL -12 + 8 = - 4 SIGNO DE MAYOR CANTIDAD
  • 12. LEY DE SIGNOS RESULTADO MULTIPLICACION /DIVISION + + + + - - - + - - - +
  • 13. REGLAS PARA EXPONENTES XN XM = XN+M (XN )M = XMN (XY)N = XNYN XN/YN = XNY-M Y≠0
  • 14. 𝒂 𝒂 a÷b ab -1 𝒃 𝒃 REGLA: EL DENOMINADOR JAMAS DEBE SER CERO EN ESTE CASO 𝑏≠ 0
  • 15. SI 𝒂 ES UN NUMERO DISTINTO DE CERO, ENTONCES 5 0 0 0 2 0  ESTA  SU  ES INDEFINIDO RESULTADO INDETERMINADO ES CERO
  • 16. 4 8 6 a a a -3 -4 -7 a a a -7 9 -5 a a a -7 19 -5 a a a 4 3 (b ) -5 -9 (b ) -6 4 (b ) 8 -6 (b )
  • 17. 4 8 6 4+8+6 18 a a a a =a -3 -4 -7 -3-4-7 -14 a a a a =a -7 9 -5 -7+9-5 -12+9 -3 a a a a =a =a -7 19 -5 -7+19-5 -12+19 7 a a a a =a =a 4 3 4*3 12 (b ) b =b -5 -9 (-5)(-9) 45 (b ) b =b -6 4 (-6)4 24 (b ) b =b 8 -6 8(-6) -48 (b ) b =b
  • 18. COMBINACION (d3)4 (d5)7 (d3)-7 (d5)-6 -10 4 -12 5 (d ) (d ) 3 5 4 (XY) (XY) (XY) (X-5Y-8)2 (X-2Y-3)4 (X-15Y-6)2 (X-5Y-2)-3 (X-4Y-9)-4 (X8Y3)2 𝑋 8 𝑋 9 𝑋 5 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 𝑋 -5 𝑋 -6 𝑋 -8 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 𝑋 -9 𝑋 15 𝑋 -13 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 𝑋3 8 𝑋 5 3 𝑋 12 4 ( 𝑌 9 ) ( 𝑌 9 ) ( 𝑌 11 ) 𝑋 −8 6 𝑋 3 -5 𝑋 −4 9 ( 𝑌 9 ) ( 𝑌 −7 ) ( 𝑌 −5 )
  • 19. 34 57 12 35 12+35 47 (d ) (d ) d d =d =d 3 -7 5 -6 -21 -30 -51 (d ) (d ) d d =d -10 4 -12 5 -40 -60 -100 (d ) (d ) d d =d 3 5 4 3+5+4 3+5+4 12 12 (XY) (XY) (XY) X Y =X Y -5 -8 2 -2 -3 4 -15 -6 2 -48 -40 (X Y ) (X Y ) (X Y ) X Y -5 -2 -3 -4 -9 -4 8 3 2 47 48 (X Y ) (X Y ) (X Y ) X Y 𝑋 8 𝑋 9 𝑋 5 𝑋 22 22 -22 =X Y 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 22
  • 20. 𝑋 -5 𝑋 -6 𝑋 -8 𝑋 −19 -19 19 =X Y 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 −19 𝑋 -9 𝑋 15 𝑋 -13 𝑋 −7 -7 7 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 −7 =X Y 𝑌 3 5 𝑋 8 𝑋 3 𝑋 4 12 𝑋 87 87 -44 ( 9 ) ( 9 ) ( 11 ) 44 =X Y 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 −8 𝑋 6 𝑋 -5 𝑋 93 −4 𝑋 −99 -99 -44 ( 9 ) ( −7 ) ( −5 ) 44 =X Y 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌 𝑌
  • 21. PROPIEDADES DE LOS RADICALES 𝑁 𝑁 SI 𝑎 Y 𝑏 SON NUMEROS REALES: 𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎 𝑏 𝑀 𝑁 𝑀𝑁 𝑎= 𝑎 (a≥0) 𝑁 𝑁 𝑎 𝑎 = 𝑁 (b ≠ 0) 𝑏 𝑏 𝑁 𝑀= 𝑁 𝑀 𝑎 𝑎
  • 22. APLICACIÓN DE LAS PROPIEDADES DE RADICALES 3 3 3 𝑀𝑎 5 𝑀 𝑎5 20 5 4 𝑎 𝑎 4 𝑎 4 𝑎 𝑏 4 𝑏 6 5 𝑎5 𝑎 6 3 9(7)5 5 4 8 4 3 7 6 25
  • 23. APLICACIÓN DE LAS PROPIEDADES DE RADICALES 3 3 3 𝑀𝑎 5 𝑀 𝑎5 20 5 4 𝑎 𝑎 4 𝑎 4 𝑎 𝑏 4 𝑏 6 5 𝑎5 𝑎 6 3 3 3 9(7)5 9 75 20 5 4 8 8 4 4 3 3 4 7 7 6 5 25 2 6
  • 24. ORDEN DE PRIORIDAD EJEMPLOS IDENTIFICAR SUS TERMINOS -8 + 9 8 5/3 POTENCIACION 5 , 9, 6 ….. 18 MULTIPLICACION Y DIVISION 8X9 ,7*4,5(8), 9/3 , 6 SUMA Y RESTA 9+5, 15-9, -9-7
  • 25. 3 [2 X5 – 8] a) 23X5, – 8 b) 23 = 8 c) 8x5=40 d) 40-8 23X5 – 8 23X5 -8 8x5 -8 40-8 32
  • 26. CUANDO USAMOS PARENTESIS, CORCHETES, LLAVES, ETC…DESARROLLAMOS LOS EJERCICIOS DE ADENTRO HACIA AFUERA
  • 27. 33X5-45/32+5X2 𝟖𝟏 + 𝟏𝟒𝟒 /4 33X5-45/32+5X2 𝟖𝟏 + 𝟏𝟒𝟒 /4 33X5 -45/32 +5X2 𝟖𝟏 + 𝟏𝟒𝟒 /4 9X5-45/9 +5X2𝑿𝟗 +𝟏𝟐 /4 45 -5 +90 +𝟑 133
  • 28. 2 2 𝟑 27+ [26X3 +(4 - 8X3 X 𝟐𝟕)] 𝟑 27+ [26X3 +(42- 8X32 X 𝟐𝟕)] 27+ [78+(16 - 8X9 X𝟑)] 27+ [78+(16 - 216)] 27+ [78+( - 200)] 27+ [78- 200] 27+ [- 122] 27 – 122 - 95