AS lymphaticsimmunity colstons notes

Anatomy & Physiology 2
Summer 2004
Chapter 22 – Lymphatics and Immunity

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 22.1 The Components of the Lymphatic
System


Figure 22.1

Figure 22.2 Lymphatic Capillaries


Figure 22.2a, b

Figure 22.3 Lymphatic Vessels and Valves


Figure 22.3a, b

Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the
Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System


Figure 22.4a

Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the
Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System


Figure 22.4b

Figure 22.6 Lymphoid Nodules


Figure 22.6

Figure 22.7 The Structure of a Lymph Node


Figure 22.7

Figure 22.5 The Derivation and Distribution of
Lymphocytes


Figure 22.5a-c

Lymphatic system and body defenses

• Nonspecific defenses –

• Specific defenses-


Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses
(Part 1 - Physical Barriers)


Figure 22.10

Nonspecific Defenses, Phagocytes

• Remove cellular debris and respond to invasion
by foreign pathogens
• Monocyte-macrophage system - Fixed and free
• Microphages – Neutrophils and eosinophils
• Move by diapedesis
• Exhibit chemotaxis


(Part 2 - Phagocytes)


Figure 22.10

(Part 3 - Immunological Surveillance)


Figure 22.10

Nonspecific Defenses, Interferons (cytokines)
• Small proteins released by virally infected cells
• Trigger the production of antiviral proteins
• Three major types of interferons are:
• Alpha– produced by leukocytes and
attract/stimulate NK cells
• Beta– secreted by fibroblasts causing slow
inflammation
• Gamma – secreted by T cells and NK cells
stimulate macrophage activity

(Part 5 - Complement System)


Figure 22.10

Figure 22.13 Inflammation


Figure 22.13

(Part 7 - Fever)


Figure 22.10

Figure 22.14 Types of Immunity


Figure 22.14

Properties of immunity

• Specificity – activated by and responds to a
specific antigen
• Versatility – is ready to confront any antigen at
any time
• Memory – “remembers” any antigen it has
encountered
• Tolerance – responds to foreign substances but
ignores normal tissues


The immune system response

• Antigen triggers an immune response
• Activates T cells and B cells
• T cells are activated after phagocytes exposed
to antigen
• T cells attack the antigen and stimulate B cells
• Activated B cells mature and produce antibody
• Antibody attacks antigen


Figure 22.15 An Overview of the Immune
Response


Figure 22.15

Major types of T cells

• Cytotoxic T cells (TC) – attack foreign cells
• Helper T cells (TH) – activate other T cells and B
cells
• Suppressor T cells (TS) – inhibit the activation of
T and B cells


Figure 22.16 Antigens and MHC Proteins


Figure 22.16

Figure 22.16 Antigens and MHC Proteins


Figure 22.16b

Figure 22.17 Antigen Recognition and the
Activation of Cytotoxic T Cells


Figure 22.17

Figure 22.17 Antigen Recognition and the
Activation of Cytotoxic T Cells

PLAY

Animation: Cytotoxic T Cell Activation


Figure 22.17

Figure 22.18 Antigen Recognition and
Activation of Helper T cells

PLAY

Animation: Antigen Recognition and Helper T Cell Activation


Figure 22.18

Figure 22.19 A Summary of the Pathways of T
Cell Activation


Figure 22.19

Figure 22.20 The Sensitization and Activation of
B Cells

PLAY

Animation: B Cells and Antibody Production


Figure 22.20

Figure 22.21 Antibody Structure


Figure 22.21



Figure 22.21a



Figure 22.21b-d

Actions of antibodies include:

• Neutralization
• Agglutination and precipitation
• Activation of complement
• Attraction of phagocytes
• Opsinization
• Stimulation of inflammation
• Prevention of adhesion


Figure 22.22 The Primary and Secondary
Immune Responses


Figure 22.22

Figure 22.23 An Integrated Summary of the
Immune Response


Figure 22.23

Figure 22.25 The Course of the Body’s Response
to Bacterial Infection


Figure 22.25a, b

AS lymphaticsimmunity colstons notes

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