Flexible site structure with CakePHP and database-driven layouts
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This document describes how a flexible site structure was implemented for the T3 magazine website using CakePHP. Key elements of the structure included: - Storing the site structure and content in the database using a Tree behavior to define parent-child relationships - Different types of "site objects" like pages, content boxes, lists, articles that could be organized and re-used - Associating site objects with template elements to determine how each piece of content should be displayed - Updating caching efficiently whenever content changed to ensure fast publishing of new articles The approach provided a flexible, database-driven structure that could handle different page layouts and allowed non-technical editors to easily manage content.
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Flexible site structure with CakePHP and database-driven layouts
- 1. Flexible site structure with CakePHP Andy Gale www.andy-gale.com
- 2. T3 A gadget, technology and lifestyle magazine
- 4. T3 Pioneering interactive iPad magazine
- 5. T3 Future Publishing • A popular title on Zino - an online publishing platform www.zinio.com • Also a popular UK website destination for gadget fans www.t3.com
- 6. T3 Future Publishing • Flagship brand for Future Publishing • T3 Awards being an important part of the UK calendar • Many competitors - online, blogs such as Engadget and Gizmodo • Quick-to-publish vital on gadget websites
- 7. T3 - Just use Drupal or Wordpress! • Many Future websites now in Drupal or Wordpress www.pcgamer.com www.netmagazine.com • Pressflow (a distribution of Drupal) is an excellent platform for publishing websites pressflow.org • Drupal and Pressflow with Varnish scales www.varnish-cache.org
- 8. T3 - Just use Drupal or Wordpress? • No need to build another CMS? • But the site editors had unique requirements for their workflow
- 9. Editable custom content boxes Popular list features need to be fast and easy to create Easy to update trending and ticker
- 10. Various different types of galleries including super galleries!
- 11. Flexible site structure • Obviously, articles, galleries, other lists of content are stored in database • We also stored the site structure in the database using the Tree behaviour.
- 12. Editable custom content boxes
- 13. Elements Model: CREATE TABLE elements ( ! id INTEGER(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, ! name VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '', ! PRIMARY KEY (id) ); Name field, just the filename of a CakePHP element <div> <h3>Latest</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/news/iphone5red">iPhone 5 actually Red</a></li> <li><a href="/news/iphone5blue">iPhone 5 to Blue</a></li> </ul> [children]
- 14. SiteObject Element id: 1 id: 1 name: Latest smartphone news name: content_boxes/list.ctp type: ContentBox element_id: 1 content_id: 50 SiteObject id: 50 name: Latest smartphone news list type: List SiteObject Article id: 51 id: 1 type: List name: Black Samsung parent_id: 50 Galaxy S3 coming soon article_id: 1 SiteObject Article id: 52 id: 2 type: List name: Motorola RAZAR Ice parent_id: 50 Cream Sandwich update out article_id: 2 now SiteObject Article id: 53 id: 3 type: List name: Supposed Apple parent_id: 50 iPhone 5 motherboard hints article_id: 3 at features
- 15. Hero article content box SiteObject id: 1 name: Samsung Galaxy Note 2: Hands On Element type: ContentBox id: 2 element_id: 2 name: content_boxes/hero.ctp article_id: 4 Article id: 4 name: Black Samsung Galaxy S3 coming soon
- 16. Tree Behaviour <body> id: 1 left: 1, right: 10 <header> <main> id: 2 id: 5 parent: 1 parent: 1 left: 2, right: 7 left: 8, right: 13 <h1> & logo <nav> <article> <aside> id: 3 id: 4 id: 6 id: 7 parent: 2 parent: 2 parent: 5 parent: 5 left: 3, right: 4 left: 5, right: 6 left: 9, right: 10 left: 11, right: 12 book.cakephp.org/1.3/en/view/1339/Tree
- 17. So what about the structure? All page elements were grouped together as different types of “site object” CREATE TABLE site_objects ( ! id INTEGER(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, ! parent_id INTEGER(10) UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL, ! lft INTEGER(10) UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL, ! rght INTEGER(10) UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL, ! name VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '',! ! page_id INTEGER(10) UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL, ! article_id INTEGER(10) UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL, ! element_id INTEGER(10) UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL, ! content_id INTEGER(10) UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL, ! PRIMARY KEY (id) ); Page CREATE TABLE pages ( ! id INTEGER(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, ! name VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '',! ! title VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '',! ! meta_description TEXT DEFAULT ! meta_keywords TEXT DEFAULT NULL, ! name VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '',! ! url VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '',! ! PRIMARY KEY (id) );
- 18. URLs • The structure of each “Page” or URL was defined in a tree • /news takes you to the page structure for news articles • /news/new-iphone5-released takes you to the page structure associated with the new articles that has the slug “new-iphone5-released” allowing different layouts for articles from trades shows
- 19. Content? • element_id field contains a reference to the element that should be used to display this content • content_id field in SiteObject refers to another SiteObject which contains information about where to find the content • That content could be a list of articles, images, a carousel... anything that the site supports
- 20. Content? • Backend process updates lists periodically • Key lists such as the homepage lists of articles are updated whenever articles change • Allows easy updating of caching. See: andy-gale.com/positive-cache-clearing-with-cakephp.html
- 21. Caching!!!!!! • Caching vital when implementing a site using this methodology • Structure and content both SiteObjects can be cached in the same way • Caching need to be updated fast to ensure new articles were published as soon as possible
- 22. Caching CMS Cache update sent as a topic via STOMP protocol ActiveMQ Multiple clients can subscribe to a topic so all web servers that are listening can update their cache immediately and serve new content Web server Web server Web server
- 23. CSS, elements and flexible Structure • Consistent CSS style guide for each component vital for implementing a flexible site structure • Elements should work wherever they are placed • Twitter Bootstrap is a great example twitter.github.com/bootstrap/
- 24. Flexible site structure with CakePHP • Code to be released on my GitHub page shortly: github.com/salgo/ • Avoiding Surprises with Chef and Vagrant Attend if you’ve ever had problems with configuration or anything else when putting sites live
- 25. Flexible site structure with CakePHP • Questions? • @andygale on Twitter • andy-gale.com on the Web
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