ICT refers to information and communication technologies and includes any devices or applications used for communication, such as radio, television and computers. There have been three stages of internet development: Web 1.0 featured static, read-only web pages with little user interaction. Web 2.0 became more interactive with user-generated content and social media. Web 3.0 aims to be a semantic web driven by data and artificial intelligence. Technology convergence combines different media types into single devices like smartphones. Popular social media platforms allow users to connect and share content globally. Various security threats also emerged with increased internet usage.

1. Empowerment
Technology
11- HUMMS 2
Prepared by:
Geraldine Salve Pepe
Lailanie Pepe

2. ICT-Information
Communication Technology
- is the umbrella that includes any communication device or
application, encompassing radio, television, computer and etc.
- the main method of information, getting information and education,
attaining services and expressing social advocacies and awareness.

3. CURRENT STATE OF ICT
 Web 1.0
 Web 2.0
 Web 3.0

4. Web 1.0
 In this stage of internet technology there were very few web content creators
and many of them were so called ‘ read only web’’.
o There were no user interaction.
oWeb pages were STATIC
oThe feedback mechanism was thru private email
o No direct comment available

5. WEB 2.0
The term Web 2.0 was used around 2004
oInternet Technology became more and more interactive.
oThe internet became more available to everyone.
oThe users on now interact, contribute, and create their own internet space
and content.

6. WEB 3.0
It is discovered by Tim Berners-Lee ( Father of the World Wide Web ) as
the read-write-execute web.
o It is referred to as the semantic web or data driven web content and
response.

7. TECHNOLOGY CONVERGENCE
• It is an evolution of technological development that merge into two
system bringing together different types of applications and media.

8. Examples:
1. Smartphone
-as it provides functionality of various individual separate and different devices now
available in one year. It can function as a telephone, camera ,radio, TV and gaming
console.

9. Social Media
It is a collection of internet-based
communication
tools and computer-assisted
channels dedicated to
allow users to interact.
Facebook
Is a popular free social networking site with
more than a billion users around the globe
that allows it users to create profiles.

10. TwitterWith more than 300 million users in 2016
Allows users to micro logy or broadcast short
messages called ‘’tweets’’
Instragram
 A social networking application that enables
the user to share mobile photo and video
either publically or privately.

11. Snap chat
Designed for the mobile networking application.
Also designed for photo sharing , chat, and
messaging services
Images and videos shared in this app last
only for a short time and they are gone.
Assistive Media
It is was the first internet-based reading service
 for persons with casual and reading impairments.

12. Email Spam
 Known as junk email, usually unsolicited commercial
email sent from one source with identical
message to send to multiple recipients.
Email Spoofing
 A deceitful email practice in which the sender
address is changed, so that it would appear
to have come from a different sources
usually someone you know.

13. Phishing
 A deceitful practice of trying to get confidential
information such as passwords and usernames,
and credit card details by making it appear as
if it comes from a trust worthy source.
Pharming
 A dangerous hacker attack on a website
which directs all traffic to that web site
to another fictitious website.

14. Spyware
 It is a computer program that is installed covertly
on a personal computer to collect information or
even take control over the computer without
the knowledge of the users.
Computer Worm
 Some worms delete files, others disrupt
the network function and still, other
disrupt the network function and still,
other send junk mail from infected computer.

15. Trojan Horse
It can erase data, can allow access of the victim’s
computer, can corrupt files ,and can be use
in Phishing.
Computer Virus
It spread like a real biological virus, wherein it
attaches it self to a host program and
infect other computer if it is received by a
computer if it is received by a computer
through the internet.

16. Hacker
 A person who is able to enter
the control other
people’s computer without
authorization.

17. Security center
-Is the place where you can set additional protection from threat to your computer especially when
using the internet.
 Fire wall
-Help to protection your computer from un authorized entries viruses or worms from the internet or
network.
Automatic updates
-Another features of windows which when turn on will automatically download updates from
Microsoft windows website.
Virus protection
-Is usually about the current anti virus software installed in your computer.
Anti virus
-Software is meant to locate find and remove virus threats. That are already in your computer. It is
also prevent other malware from gaming entry into your computer.

18. Unlocking of difficulties
Contextualize- is to place (something such as a word or activity) in
a word or in a context.
Research- the collection of information about a particular subject.
Strategy- the art of devising or employing plans or stratagems toward
a goal careful plan or method.
Compilation-the act or process of compiling.
Citation-an act especially the citing of a previously settled case at law.

19. Contextual Search
•Is an attempt to be more precise in providing
the list document according to the words used
by the user to search the internet.
•A good contextual search engine would
request for more information to narrow down
the result of the search.

20. Steps to make Contextualized Online Search
1.Identify or choose a topic.
2.Topic or task definition.
3.Identify method of search
 experiment
 explore
 survey
4.Identify resources of your research
 wikipedia
 google

21. 5. Make your research strategies.
6. Compiling the research result.
7. Evaluate the result of your research.
8. Create a list of your references for citation.

22. Research Skills
Critical skill
- it is the ability to digest reflect and conclude
from the information search.
Analytical thinking
- the ability to look verbalize conceptualize
and gather data attuned to the context of
the subject.
-the ability to apply synthesis, focus and critical
thinking to extract the useful information.

23. • Problem Solving Capability
- the ability to present solutions or solve problems by presenting a
decision based on the given information.
-people with this ability are able to define and identify the
latitude of the problem and present all possible solutions.
• Organize Data Mining
-It is the ability to organize and catalog all collected materials
efficiently
despite data size.

24. • Research Presentation
- It is the ability to present ideas and draw conclusion from the
research.
-be able to explain in writing the purpose, steps, goals and
objective of the research.
•Creativity and Developed Imagination
-it is the ability to look for alternative solutions to the problems
needed to solve in the research.
- Thinking beyond the usual approaches to the research
objectives.

25. • Computer Literacy
-knowledge of the various computer application and tools.
- Skills in the use of software to write, design, and present.

26. * Steps in making Research
Contextualized Research*
1. Open the Google site.
2. On the upper right side of the window, click the Google Apps Icon and click
search G.
3. On the lower right part of the window, click settings and the Google search
setting pop-up list will appear.
4. Click an advance search and the advanced search window will appear.
5. Type the keywords that you would like to search and click the Advance search
button.

27. * Identify Good Source from satirical
Source*
• Satirical sites are website that report untrue or false stories meant
to amuse or entertain.
• These sites take their cue from TV shows that report exaggerated
news that are untrue but intriguing and funny.
• Untrue stories should not be share.
• There sites started as spoofs of real public figure such as political
leaders or movie personalities.

28. * How to defect satirical News*
1. If its is good to be true, then it must be so.
2. If the news did not emanate from reliable news site.
3. If they are from known satirical sites.
*List of top source of satirical
news*
1. Adobo Chronicles ( Adobo Chronicles.com)
2. So, What’s New? (So what new. Wordpress.com)
3. Eritas Times ( Eritas-time.com)
4. The professional Heckler ( Profesionalheckler.wordpress.com)

29. * List of American Satirical Sites in the US*
1. The onion ( theonin.com)
2. Click hole ( clickhole.com)
3. Christwire Global Media ( christwire.org)

30. * Mail Merge and Label Generation*
MAIL MERGE – is used to
automatically add mailing
addresses or personalized
information to your publication

31. * Mailing Start Group Commands*
NAME FUNCTION
MAIL MERGE Merges data into a publication which will be printed
and mailed. Show steps by steps Mail Merge World.
E-Mail Merge Merges data into a publication that will be sent as e-
mail.
Select Recipients Chooses the list of people you intend to send the
letter to. You can type your own list, use your out
look content or connect to a database.
Edit Recipients List Make changes to the list of recipients and decide
which of them should receive your letter.

32. * Write and Insert Group Commands*
NAME FUNCTION
Insert Merge Field Adds a field from your recipient list to the
publication.
Address Block Adds an address to your letter.
Greeting Line Adds a greeting to your letter.
Picture Adds a picture field from your recipient- list to
publication.
Insert Personalized Hyperlink Inserts hyperlink that are customized for each
recipient.
Format Changes the format for the field content.

33. *Parts of Mail Merge*
1. Recipients List
2. Publication with Merge fields
3. Merge Publication

34. Step 1: Creating a Recipients List
1.Click the mailings tab, go to the start group and click select
recipients.
2.On the list of options, select Type New List.
3. On the New Address List dialog box, click New Entry and Type the
recipient information.
4. Click Ok.

35. Step 2: Prepare your publication
1.Create your publication in MS Word.
2. Insert any additional text that you want to appear in
every version of your mail merge publication, such as
greeting.

36. Step 3 : Create Merged Publication
1. Print
A. Click Merge to a printer
B. In the print space, select the options you want and click Ok.
2. Merge to new publication
A. Click Merge to New Publication.
B. In the new publication, click Save this Publication in the Mail Merge task pane.
C. Type the name of your new publication and Click save.
3. Add to existing Publication
A. Click Add to Existing Publication
B. On the Open Publication dialog box, locate the publication you want to add and click open
C. Click Save this Publication in the Mail Merge Task pane.

37. Generating Labels
• Labels are used for envelopes that
you intend to send out to persons
usually containing the name,
address, or telephone.

38. * Steps in Generating Labels*
1. Start a new document in MS Word.
2. Go to the Mailings tab, in the Create Group, Click labels and the
Envelope and Labels dialog box will appear.
3. In the Address box, type the text you want to be placed on the
label.
4. Click the Insert Address icon if you have an address stored In the
electronic address book.
5. To change the Font or Paragraph formatting, select the text, right-
click and select the option from the drop-down menu.

39. 6. Click Option button and the label options dialog box will appear.
7. Select the settings like the type of printer, the supplier that produced
your label sheet and others.
8. After you make the settings, Click OK.
9. Under Print, select full page of the same label or single label. Then in
the row and column boxes, enter the numbers that match the numbers of
row and columns on the label sheet for the label that you want to print.
10. Click Print.

40. * MS PowerPoint *
What is MS PowerPoint?
- It is an application intended for creating a slide presentation.
How to create a Slide Presentation?
1.Open MS PowerPoint.
2.Click New and select your preferred design template.
3.Click insert tab new and insert text, word art or any object in the slide.
4.Click home tab to insert new slide in our information.

41. MS Excel
- Is use to compute costs incurred in the creation of
projects, or create tables for finding the researches
and then create reports for business or research that
you are doing.

42. Sources of Photos and Graphics
There are many sources of photos and graphics. They can
come direct from your camera, old pictures, free from internet or
stores.

43. 1. Personal and Professional Photos
-are photos taken by amateur or professional photographers using a digital
camera. These image are downloaded and are stored in the computer.
2 . Scanned Images
- are those that you transfer from printed photos and graphics using scanning
devices which you can transfer to your computer for further improvement and
modification.
3. Stock Photo Library
- are several photographs and created images that are available for sale.
4. Online Stock Photos
- found in the World Wide Web. The WWW is no the dominant source of
photos and graphics around the globe because of the widely available choices and
reasonable prices.

44. Online digital file formats for images and text
A computer will have a certain method of encoding information for storage in the hard
drive or any form of computer storage. The ways of encoding and storing this information to
storage is called file formats. Digital file formats are categorized as either proprietary or open.
Proprietary formats are owned and controlled by individuals or corporation and the file
format specifications are not available to the public. They are usually covered by copyright and
the owner has exclusive control of the present and future technology development of this
format. An example of a proprietary format is the one used is the one used in the storage for
Microsoft word, excel and PowerPoint.

45. Open formats are means and ways for storing digital information that
are free, can be used by the public and are not encumbered by copyrights or
patients. These formats are also called free file formats and the specification for
those formats and the specification for these formats are usually sustained and
maintained by a group of individuals or organizations. Example of the formats are
used in the storage for open office and other free or open software.
File format uses suffixes that are added to the end of a
filename, called filename extension the file extension is means of identifying the
format of the file, with a period before it after the filename. The file extension has
usually two or more characters, although historically there were only three, but
modern operating systems of characters, more are now allowed.

46. Digital File Formats are classified into three major
groups:
1. Uncompressed or row format
- is usually used for storing original file format, it is a flexible form but needs
bigger memory to store.
2. Lossless file format
- is a file format that was compressed to replicate the original quality but
reduced file size. This type is ideal for storing important files ( images, audio or
video ).
3. Lossy file format
-compressed using approximation of its size .

47. IMAGE FILE FORMATS
- are means of storing and storing digital images , photos and illustrations.
These are two types classified of Image File Format:
Raster image File
Vector Image File

48. A. Raster Image File
A. Raster Image File
- Is a mean of representing digital images bits of information for storage, which
translates into pixels when viewed on the screen. Majority of raster files are lossy.
B. Pixels
- Is the smallest information of an image. Image using pixels are usually represented
on dots or squares that are arranged and added together to form the picture.
- The word PIXEL comes from the word picture (pix) and element (el).

49. Raster Image Files
- is a common formats you will encounter in the internet and with many digital
image files, such as those coming from digital cameras. The raster image are stored as
bit maps.
Examples:
JPEG
GIF
PNG files

50. The most common types of raster
image files
Filename Extension Description
.bmp Bitmap image file- is an image file format developed and
used on Microsoft windows environment and is stored
in a graphics File format called device- independent
bitmap and has a file extension of .bmp or .dip. Not a
common format on the world wide web because of its
large file size.
.gif Graphic Interchange Format File – is an image file
format that is very popular on the World Wide Web
because of its portability and support for animation.
.jpg JPEG Image file- standardized by the joint Photographic
Experts Group (JPEG) is a common method for
photographic images as well as transmission of photos
on the world wide web since it supports 24-bits per
pixel color scheme.

51. Filename Extension Description
.png Portable Network Graphic (PNG) – is a free open-source
bitmap image format made to improve on GIF which
has small file but can handle more colors since it
supports 24- bit per pixel color scheme and supports
true color (16 million colors).
.psd Photoshop Document (PSD) – is a native file format for
adobe Photoshop, and since many are using this
program to create images, it is very popular. Photoshop
has the ability to read all of the above formats and edit
them.

52. B. Vector Image or Vector Graphics Files
- are lossless files created using mathematics
geometric equations to represent images in digital
computer graphics.

53. Vector graphics has the advantage of retaining its quality to any desired image size,
unlike raster images that appear pixilated when displayed in expand image sizes.
Vector format or graphic is preferred for those who desire quality prints and display
of images.
Examples of this are type of formats are:
PDF
Encapsulated postscripts
Scalable Vector Graphics
Windows metafile

54. Types of vector image formats
Filename extension Description
.ai Adobe illustrator file-is the file extension
for graphics created using adobe illustrator
which is created using paths, and lines
connected by points instead of bitmaps,
which may include objects; color, and text.
.drw Drawing file is a generic drawing created and
stored in a vector format that uses lines or
paths to present images. These images are
output of the following
programs:appleworks,microsoft picture it,
cord DRAW and paint shop pro.
.dxf Drawing exchange format file-is a drawing
format developed and introduced by
autodesk the maker of autocad and is used
for computer aided design (cad) vector
images.

55. Filename extension Description
.ps Postscript file- is a page description
language (pdl) developed by adobe,
basically a language for printing documents
on laser printers and image setter (high
resolution printers) used to produced
camera ready copies.
.sgv Scalable Vector Graphics (sgv) – File is the
most common vector graphic format on the
internet; it was developed by the World
Wide Web consortium (w3c) to display
vector graphics.

56. *Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout*
LAYOUT
- is the process of planning and arranging graphics or text in a page.
GRAPHIC
- is an image or visual representation of an object. Therefore, computer graphic are
simply images displayed on a computer screen.
SYMMETRICAL
- There should be equal weights or elements on both side of the page.
ASSYMETRICAL
- It maybe asymmetrical when there is an artistic and different intensity on one side
of the page.

57. TEXT
- the text should be:
* legible
* Appropriate font face
* Left justified, right justified, center
* The flow of text should be easy to
read
IMAGE
- the image should be:
* proportionate
* sharp in color
* with high resolution
* with appropriate captions

58. PROXIMITY and HARMONY
* the element should be closed together and scattered and
arrange apart from each other.
* elements should not be cluttered and not complete with each
other.
CONSISTENCY
* there should be uniformity of theme on each page.
COLOR and SHAPE
* use color to create interest by providing variety in the design (
color contrast and shape ).
EMPHASIS
* there should be one point of interest in a page.
* the elements to be emphasized should have a different size,
color, shape, or background.

59. * Principles and basic techniques of image
manipulation *
There are various ways to manipulate images like
resizing, cropping, adjusting color background, balance
brightness and contrast, combining photos, combining text
and photos, and clear image to be used of a photo editing
too, you can improve and edit the pictures to be able to use
them the way you want to be able to send your message to
your message to your viewers.

60. * Techniques of Image Manipulation *
BACKGROUND COLOR
- you can change the background if it does not match the image or the totality of
the presentation. You can also add effects to the background.
MULTIPLE IMAGES
- you can combine multiple images to make a point or use to highlight your
message.
SHADOW
- using shadow effect will make the image realistic.
PROPORTION
- when combining images, resize the image to make it proportionate and realistic.

61. BLENDING COLOR
- you can use color to match the background with the other elements
in the page.
TEXTURE
- adding texture allows you to blend different image. Texture add to
the depth of your art. Blending with allow smooth transition of one image to anther.
EMPHASIS
- there should be a focal point to a page that will attract to the
viewers. The element you want to emphasize should be sharp, big and most vibrant
in your design.

62. * Combining Text, Graphics and Images *
TRANSPARENT SHAPES
- add simple shapes with a slight transparency behind your text to clearly (
emphasis ) see the text you want to emphasize.
FONTS and SHAPES
- fonts and shapes should complement with each other. You can use rounded
shapes.
TEXT and BACKGROUND
- text and background should be aligned to have an organized look.
CLEAN and CLEAR BACKGROUND
- use a clean and clear background for the message to be readable. Background
should not washout your massage.

63. * Basic Manipulation using offline or open
source software *
Photo editing and designing tools allow
you to make manipulate or edit images, apply
effects filters, frames, crop, and text

64. * Various offline or open- source for
image editing *
1. PICASA – it is a Google's free photo manager to edit and organize your
photos.
2. PAINT.NET – it is a window-based alternative to the MS paint editor. It is a
free open source available in windows.
3. GOOGL SKETCH UP – it is fee, 3D modeling program with tools that
allows you to create 3D models of houses, home, renovation, woodworks and
other dimensional accuracy.

65. 4. AUTODESK PIXEL – a free photo editing tool that is similar
to Photoshop and has more 600 effects.
5. ADOBE PHOTOSHOP – is a tool to create, modify, combine
and optimize digital photos and images. It is used to performed
changes.
6. GIMP or GNU Image Manipulation Program – is a
free, open-source image/ graphics editing program used for image
retouching and editing, free- farm drawing/ painting and other
specialized tasks.

66. INSTALLING GIMP
1. go to www.gimp.org
2. then click download
3. select download GIMO directly
4. run the GIMP installer
5. Click Install
6. Wait for it to finish the installation, then Click Download.

67. 1. TOOLBOX – This is the part where the main tool are located such as the tools
used to crop, select, erase, and more.
2. TOOL OPTION – located below the toolbox, here you will be able to see the
options for the currently selected.
3. IMAGE WINDOW – this is where your works or image will be shown. You
will also have an option to open multiple image at the same time.

68. 4. LAYERS DIALOG – this shows the layer structure of the images
shown in the image window. You will be allowed to manipulate it in
a variety of ways.
5. BRUSHES/ PATTERN/ GRAADIENTS – located below the
layer dialog, you will be able to see the choices of brush, patterns
and gradients that can be used in your work.

69. PRESENTATION
 Is a graphic program that allows you t create slide
shows presenting a topic, lecture, demonstration to
enlighten, educate, communicate.
 allows you to organize, summarize and format your
materials
Allows transitions, animation and sounds that will
captivate the audience a keep them interested.

70. Examples:
1. ZOHO SHOW - an online presentation that features master
slides, template, customization the ability to insert videos/ images,
transitions/ animations, image editing, shape effects, and easy
flowchart building.
2. LINKED IN SHARE – is a web 2.0 based sliding hosting service.
Users can upload files privately or publicly in the ff. format:
PowerPoint, PDF, Keynote or open document presentations.
3. GOOGLES SLIDES - create a new presentation, and edit,
collaborate with others and present wherever you are free.

71. 4. SLIDE ROCKET – is an online presentation platform that lets
users create, manage, share and measure presentations. It is
provide via a SAAS model.
5. MS POWERPOINT – a slide show presentation program
currently developed by Microsoft.
6. PREZI – a cloud- based presentation software based on a
software as service model. The product employs a zooming user
interface ( ZUI ) which allows users to zoom in and out of their
presentation media.

72. Hands –on : using prezi to create a presentation creating a new prezi account:
1. Go to prezi.com
2.
Click get started on the upper right corner
3.Sign up for a public account
4. Fill in the boxes with the specified information
5.After providing information,
click create your free public account.
*The Prezi Canvas*
Zooming in
and out
1. To zoom in, just scroll the mouse upwards, and to zoom out, scroll the mouse
downwards.
2. To
zoom in the frames, just like a frame and select zoom in to frame tool bar` 3. To
zoom out in the original overview, click the home button.

73. Moving around the canvas
1.To move around the canvas , click and hold, and drag the cursor to the direction you
want to go to.
Undo and Redo
1.To undo, just click the undo button, and the redo, click the redo button.
Adding / Editing text
1.To add text, just click anywhere in the canvas , and start typing. Or click to add tittle
and type .
Adding/Editing frames
1. to add a frame, select the type of frame you would like, and drag the shape with a
plus sign anywhere you want in the canvas.
2.To edit the frame , click on the frame, and you can change the color and type of the
frame or delete it in the frame toolbar.

74. 3. You can move the frame around by clicking and holding the
hand, button, and then drag it at any direction.
4. You can increase or decrease the size of the frame by sliding the
sizing handle outward or toward the center, or you can use the + and –
buttons
5. to add an image, shape, video, and other files to the frame, click
insert.

75. * The Prezi Canvas *
EDITING IMAGES
1. you can move the image around by clicking and holding the hand button
and moving it to any direction you want.
2.you can increase or decrease the size of the image by dragging the sizing
handle away or towards the center, or you can use the + and – buttons.
3. you can rotate the photo by painting your mouse near any sizing handle
so you can click and hold a small circle beside it, and rotate it at any direction.
4. you can enhance, add effects and frames to your photo by selecting
effects at the picture toolbar.

76. Editing the Background
1. Enter edit path mode by clicking edit path on the bottom left. A star
symbol will appear on each side of a path point or to a fame.
2. Click the Star symbol to enter Animation edit mode.
3. When you click or hover on an object, you will see a Green star with a
number, this represent the order which your content will fade in
4. you can review the animation by clicking the play button on the top
right corner.
5. To change the order, you can click the reset on the top left corner to
remove all the animation present in the frame.
6. on you can also remove the animation individually by hovering over a
green star until you see a delete button.
7. if you are satisfied with the order of your animation, click done