Biochem gene expression regulation(29.6.10)

How and Why Genes Are Regulated ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DIFFERENT GENE CATEGORIES Housekeeping genes Genes turned “on” in all cells at all times (e.g. transcription machinery, translation machinery, energy conversion, etc.). Cell type specific genes Genes that are turned “on” in each cell that give a cell its special properties and function. Developmental regulatory genes Genes specific to certain stages during growth & development of a person. Inducible genes Genes not normally expressed but can be in response to external stimuli (e.g. hormone).

Gene Regulation in Bacteria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Operons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Jacob, Monod & Lwoff

The lac Operon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Adapting to the environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Four situations are possible ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. When lactose is absent ,[object Object],[object Object],Regulator gene lac operon Operator site z y a DNA I O Repressor protein RNA polymerase Blocked

2. When lactose is present ,[object Object],[object Object],z y a DNA I O

3. When both glucose and lactose are present ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Promotor site z y a DNA I O Repressor protein removed RNA polymerase

4. When glucose is absent and lactose is present ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Promotor site z y a DNA I O Transcription Activator protein steadies the RNA polymerase

Biochem gene expression regulation(29.6.10)

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