zoogeography mean that simply state that distribution of animals on the basics of geography.several zoogeography area present.palaearctic region have a special type of organisms distribution
2. introduction
Ancient biogeographic region (palae means old or ancient )
It is the largest zoogeographical region
Consists Europe , North Africa ( to Sahara) , Asia ( except India , Pakistan ,
SE Asia ) and middle east.
Palaearctic region is surrounded by oceans on the east , west and north , and
on the south by ethiopian and oriental regions
This region shows wide range of temperature fluctuations . It also shows
wide range of fluctuation in the amount of rain fall – it supports good fauna
It includes polar arctic region
The region consist of deciduous and coniferous forests , grass land , and the
fringe of thundra
3. Eco zone has numerous rivers – source of water for the
earliest recorded civilization
Has 4 sub regions
1. European
2. Siberian
3. Mediterranean
4. Manchurian
4.
5.
6. European sub region
Comprises the central and northern Europe
It is represented by 85 families of vertebrates
Amphibians and reptiles are represented with 6 families
each
Myogale only one genus of mammal is present
7. Siberian sub region
Northern Asia , Himalayas are included in it
Includes 94 families of vertebrates
Families of Musk deer and Moles are confined to this
regions
8. Mediterranean sub region
Consists remaining part of Europe , Africa and Arabia
124 families of terrestrial vertebrates
Birds like Upupa and Pastor , mammals like Hyaena are
common
9. Manchurian sub region
Formed of Manchuria , Mongolia , Korea and japan
Mammals like Tibetan Langur , Great Panda are common
Region is supported by good fauna
10. Fresh water eco regions
It includes rivers of Europe , rivers of Russia , Caspian seas
, Siberian lakes , Baikal ( oldest and deepest lake on the
planet ) , Japan's ancient lake Biwa
11. Faunal characteristics
Palaearctic region has many affinities with temperate and boreal regions of
the Nearctic ecoregion of north America
Zoologist consider them as a single region called Holarctic region
Animals belonging to
1. terrestrial vertebrates – 135 families
2. fresh water fishes – 13 families
terrestrial vertebrates includes
1. 10 amphibian families
2. 24 reptilian families
3. 68 avian families
4. 33 mammalian families
The richness of animal species is more in warmer areas
One bird families , the accentors is endemic to the region
12. The holarctic region has 4 endemic bird families , namely
Divers or Loons , Grouses , Auks , Waxwings
No endemic mammalian orders in this region , but several
families are endemic
eg: Mouse – like Hamsters , Prolagidea , Red Pandas
Several mammalian species originated in the palaearctic
and spread to Nearctic during the ice ages , including
Brown Bear , Red Deer , Elk , the American Bison and Rein
Deer
