This is the report part 2 of presentation. It talks about the basic functional architecture, 5G architecture, 5G network layers and the hardware & software components of 5G.

1. INDIRA GANDHI DELHI TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY FOR WOMEN
5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
FIRST YEAR PROJECT REPORT
JANUARY – JUNE
2015
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Kalpana Yadav
Submitted by:
Mansi Gupta (03804092014)
Priyanka Saxena (03904092014)

2. UNDERTAKING
Our work titled 5G Wireless Technology in this project report as
part of our First Year Project (January – June, 2015) under the
guidance of Dr. Kalpana Yadav (faculty advisor) is our original
work to the best of our knowledge and has not been submitted
anywhere else.
Any work that is not our original has been duly and appropriately
referred by us by mentioning it in the “References” section.
Any academic misconduct and dishonesty found in regard to above or
otherwise shall be solely and entirely our project team’s
responsibility. In such a situation, we understand that a strict
disciplinary action can be undertaken against us by the concerned
authorities of the University and we shall abide by it.
Mansi Gupta Priyanka Saxena
(February 3rd, 2015)

3. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work titled 5G Wireless Technology
in this project report as part of our First Year Project (January-June,
2015) was conducted under my guidance and is an original work of
the authors to the best of my knowledge and has not been submitted
anywhere else without my knowledge.
Dr. Kalpana Yadav
Professor
Department of Information Technology
.

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to express our sincere thanks to our guide
and teacher in charge, Dr Kalpana Yadav, Professor of IT
department, for her vital support, valuable guidance and
for providing us with all the facilities and assisting us in
times of need.
We would also like to thank you, Ma’am, for giving us this
opportunity to learn, explore, research and invent the
necessary knowledge base that guides us towards the path
of success and help us complete our presentation on our
topic, of the FUTURE.
Our sincere and heartfelt thanks.
*********************************************************

5. CONTENTS
(Part 2)
1. Introduction to 5G (Recap)
2. Architectureof 5G
a. 5G Aggregator
b. Flat-IP Network
c. 5G NanoCore
i. Nanotechnology
ii. Cloud Computing
iii. All IP Network
d. 5G Network Architecture
e. Hardware & Software of 5G
3. Future Enhancement
4. Conclusion
5. References

6. INTRODUCTION TO 5G (RECAP)
5G Technology stands for 5th generation mobile technology. 5G denote the
next major phase of mobile telecommunication standards beyond the
upcoming 4G standards.
5G technology has changed the way we use cell phones within very high
bandwidth. 5G is a packet switched wireless system with wide area
coverage and high throughput. 5G technologies use millimeter wireless that
enables speed greater than 100Mbpsatfull mobility and higher than 1Gbps
at low mobility. The 5G technologies include all types of advanced features
which make 5G technology most powerful and in huge demand in the near
future.
The 5G technology provides the mobile phone users more features and
efficiency. Up till now following features of the 5G technology have come to
surface- High resolution is offered by 5G for extreme mobile users, it also
offers bidirectional huge bandwidth, higher data rates and the finest
Quality of Service (QoS) along with unrivaled speed.
The fifth generation communication system is envisioned as the real
wireless network, capable of supporting World Wide Wireless Web
(WWWW) applications in 2015 to beyond time frame.
In revolutionary view, 5G systems would be an intelligent technology
capable of interconnecting the entire world without limits. An example
application could be a robot with in-built wireless communication with
artificial intelligence.
There are 3 major objectives:
1. Superior service quality & user experience
2. Reliable connectivity experience
3. Ability to handle upsetting growth in network capacity

7. ARCHITECTURE OF 5G
We are existing in an innovative world of science where technologies are
matured enough to fulfill human desires. But requirements of human are
being augmented day by day. Individual is ready to set up all sort of
possible technologies to fulfill his necessities. Outcome is what we have
today as Nanotechnology, All IP, Cloud computing, LTE, etc. These are some
of the technologies used by human to balance his needs. But “Nothing is
sufficient for the person who finds sufficiency too little”. However further
modernization will be on convergence of this existing technology in to a
single platform.
Below is the functionalarchitecture of 5G. It consists of User terminal(5G
mobile), RATs (Radio Access Technologies) and Application Servers.

8. Every user terminal can form connections with any number of other
terminals or networks like GPRS/EDGE, 3G, WLAN and LTE.
These network connections between terminal and application contains
Internet Sockets which are the sockets that consists of intermediate data
like, source local IP address, destination local IP address, source Port
address, destination Port address and the routing Protocol.
 GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
◦ Used to transmit data at 60kbps
◦ Consumes less battery during sending & receiving mail or to
browser internet
 EDGE (Exchange Data rate for GSM Evolution)
◦ Advanced version of GPRS
◦ Provides data speed of 473kbps
 3G (3rd Generation networks)
◦ Makes it possible to do video calls on mobile network
◦ Provides efficient way to browse internet on mobile network
 WLAN (Wireless LAN)
◦ Short range, high speed, wireless data connection between
mobile data device using radio signal
 LTE (Long Term Evolution)
◦ Standard for mobile communication for high speed data
transmission for mobile network
◦ Speed up to 100Mbps

9. This is the original architecture of the 5G Network that consists of several
converging technologies that makes it possible for a technology like 5G to
exist.
5G Aggregator
 All network operatorslike WiMax, GSM, CDMA
etc. Can be connected to onesuper core with
massive capacity.
 The conceptof aggregator will eliminate all
interconnectingcharges and complexities.
 It will also reducethe number of network
entities in end to end connection, thus reducing
latency considerably.

10. Flat-IP Network
Flat IP network is the key concept to make 5G acceptable for all kind of
technologies. To meet customer demand for real-time data applications
delivered over mobile broadband networks, wireless operators are
turning to flat IP network architectures. Flat IP architecture provides a
way to identify devices using symbolic names, unlike the hierarchical
architecture such as that used in "normal" IP addresses. This is of more
interest to mobile broadband network operators. With the shift to flat IP
architectures, mobile operators can:
Reduce the number of network elements in the data path to lower
operations costs and capital expenditure,
Partially decouple the cost of delivering service from the volume of
data transmitted to align infrastructure capabilities with emerging
application requirements,
Minimize system latency and enable applications with a lower
tolerance for delay; upcoming latency enhancements on the radio link
can also be fully realized,
Evolve radio access and packet core networks independently of
each other to a greater extent than in the past, creating greater
flexibility in network planning and deployment
Develop a flexible core network that can serve as the basis for
service innovation across both mobile and generic IP access networks

11. Create a platform that will enable mobile broadband operators to
be competitive, from a price/performance perspective, with wired
networks
Flat IP removes the voice-centric hierarchy from the network. Instead of
overlaying a packet data core on the voice network, separate and much
simplified data architecture can be implemented that removes the
multiple elements from the network chain.
5G networks make use of this concept to make it easier for different RAN
to upgrade into a single NanoCore network. Our 5G network uses
Nanotechnology as a defensivetool for security concern that arises due to
open to vulnerability of flat IP.
5G NanoCore
Sophisticated technology has enabled an age of globalization. Technological
convergence is the tendency for different technological systems to evolve
towards performing similar tasks. What Nicholas Negroponte labeled the
transformation of "atoms to bits," the digitization of all media content.
When words, images and sounds are transformed into digital information,
we expand the potential relationships between them and enable them to
flow across platforms.
The 5G Nancore is a convergence of below mention technologies. These
technologies have their own impact on exiting wireless network which
makes them in to 5G.
 Nanotechnology.
 Cloud Computing.
 All IP Platform.

12. STRUCTURE:
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the application of nanoscience to control process on
nanometer scale i.e. between 0.1 and 100nm.The field is also known as
molecular nano-technology (MNT). MNT deals with control of the structure
of matter based on atom-by-atom and molecule by molecule engineering.
The term nanotechnology was introduced by Nori Taniguchi in 1974 at the
Tokyo international conference on production engineering.
Nanotechnology is the next industrial revolution, and the
telecommunications industry will be radically transformed by it in a few
years. Nanotechnology has shown its impact on both mobile as well as the
core network. Apart from this it has its own impact on sensor as well as
security. This is considered as a most significant in telecommunication.
Nano Equipment (NE): Mobile phone has become more than a
communication device in modern world it has turned into an identity of an
individual. In 5G Nanocore these mobile are referred as NanoEquipment as
they are geared up with nanotechnology.
One of the central visions of the wireless industry aims at ambient
intelligence: computation and communication always available and ready

13. to serve the user in an intelligent way. This requires that the devices are
mobile. Mobile devices together with the intelligence that will be
embedded in human environments – home, office, public places – will
create a new platform that enables ubiquitous sensing, computing, and
communication.
Specs of NanoEquipments:
 Self Cleaning– the phonecleans by itself
 Self powered – the phonederivesits energy/power from thesun,
water, or air.
 Sense the environment – the phonewill tell you the weather, the
amountof air pollution present, etc.
 Flexible – bend but notbreak
 Transparent– “see through” phones
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote
server to maintain data and applications. In 5G network this central remote
server will be our contentprovide. Cloud computing allows consumers and
business to use applications without installation and access their personal
files at any computer with internet access. The same concept is going to be
used in Nanocore where the user tries to access his private account form a
global content provider through Nanocore in form of cloud. The
development of cloud computing provides operators with tremendous
opportunities. Since cloud computing relies on the networks, it shows the
significance of networks and promotes network development. It also
requires secure and reliable service providers, capabilities that operators
have deep expertise in. Operators can enter the cloud computing market
and create new value-added services and experiences by integrating
industry content and applications in the digital supermarket model. This
could make our user to obtain much more real-time application to utilize
his 5G network efficiently. Secure and reliable service can be provided with
the help of quantum cryptography.
Cloud computing customer avoids capital expenditure for the Nanocre
thereby also reducing the cost of purchasing physical infrastructure by
renting the usage from a third party Provider(Content Provider). The
Nanocore devours the resources and pay for what it uses.

14. Segments of Cloud Computing: Cloud computing has three main
segments which are as follows:
 Applications – It is based on, on demand software services. On
demand software services come in different varieties. They vary in
their pricing scheme and how the software is delivered to the end
users. In the past, the end-user would purchase a server that can be
accessed by the end user over the internet.
 Platform - The platform segment of cloud computing refers to
products that are used to deploy internet. Net Suite, Amazon, Google,
and Microsoft have also developed platforms that allow users to
access applications from centralized servers. Google, Net Suite, Rack
space cloud, amazon.com and sales force are some of the active
platforms.
 Infrastructure – The third segment in cloud computing, known as the
infrastructure, is the backbone of the entire concept. Infrastructure
vendors‟ environments such as Google gears allow users to build
applications. Cloud storage, such as Amazon‟s S3, is also considered
to be part of the infrastructure segment.
The 5G Nanocore will efficiently utilizes all the above 3 segments to satisfy
his customer demands. The concept of cloud computing will reduce the
CAPEX of 5G network deployment.Inturn this will create a less billing to the
end user for all kinds of services that he utilizes through Nanocore.

15. Flat-IP Network
For converging different technologies to form a single 5G Nanocore, we
require a common platform to interact. Flat IP architecture act as an
essential part of 5G network.
The All-IP Network (AIPN) is an evolution of the 3GPP system to meet the
increasing demandsof the mobile telecommunicationsmarket. To meets
customer demand for real-time data applications delivered over mobile
broadband networks, wirelessoperatorsare turningto flat IP network
architectures. Primarily focused upon enhancementsof packetswitched
technology, AIPN providesacontinued evolution and optimization of the
system conceptin order to providean edge in terms of both performance
and cost.
The key benefits of flat IP architectures are
 lower costs
 universalseamless access
 improved user experience
 reduced system latency
 decoupled radio access and core network evolution
The drive to all IP-based services is placing stringent performance demand
on IP-based equipment and devices, which in turn is growing demand for

16. multicore technology. There is strong growing demand for advanced
telecommunications services on wired and wireless Next Generation
Network (NGN) infrastructures, and fast growing demand for the same in
the enterprise too. Within a few years, more than 10 billion fixed and
mobile devices will be connected via the Internet to add to the more than
one billion already connected. All these services are going to be deployed
over full IP-based architectures. Data will flow more freely as mobile
communications networks move toward a "flat IP" model, but developers
and operators will face new security challenges. This kind of security
challenges can be trounced by nanotechnology.
The key aspects of the All IP:
 Support for a variety of different access systems
 Common capabilities provided independent to the type of service
provided with convergence to IP technology considered from the
perspective of the system as a whole
 High performance mobility management that provides end-user,
terminal and session mobility
 Ability to adapt and move sessions from one terminal to another
 Ability to select the appropriate access system based on a range of
criteria
 Provision of advanced application services as well as seamless and
ubiquitous services
 Ability to efficiently handle and optimally route a variety of different
types of IP traffic including user-to-user, user-to-group and
ubiquitous service traffic models
 High level of security and support for user privacy e.g. location
privacy, identity privacy
 Methods for ensuring QoS within and across AIPNs
 Appropriateidentification of terminals, subscriptionsand users
 Federation of identities across differentserviceproviders

17. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
The future enhancement of Nanocore will be incredible as it combines with
Artificial intelligent (AI).
One will able to control his intelligent Robot using his mobile phone.
Human life will be surrounded by artificial sensors which could be
communicating with your mobile phones.
Your Mobile will automatically type the message what your brain thinks.
We might get a circumstance where we don’t require any spectrum for
communication. We might be communicating with people on other planets
using mobile phone December 1, 2010es.
We might have a single NanoCore common for all the nations. This might
improve mobility of user as well as a smaller amount of billing to end user.
Who knowssome times we may communicate with the supernatural things
with our mobile phones. Everything depends on how human being is going
to utilize these technologies in an innovative manner.
5G NETWORK LAYER ARCHITECTURE
Open Wireless Architecture:
 It is a layer used to definethe wireless
technology to be used
 The two layers of OSI 1(Physical layer) &
2(DataLink layer) definethe wireless
technology.

18.  For these two layersthe 5G mobile network is likely to be based on
Open Wireless Architecture (OWA).
 Physical layer + Data link layer = OWA
Application Layer
Application (Service)
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Open TransportProtocol (OTP)
TransportLayer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Upper Network Layer
Lower Network Layer
Open Wireless Architecture
(OWA)Physical Layer
Network layer:
 It is used to route the data from source to destination.
 All mobile networks will use mobile IP.
 Each mobile terminal will be FA(foreign agent).
 A mobile can be attached to several mobiles or wireless networks at
the same time.
 The fixed IPv6 will be implemented in the mobile phones
 Two sub-layers:
◦ Lower: for each interface
◦ Upper: for each mobile terminal

19. Open Transport Protocol:
 Wireless network differ the wired network regarding the transport
layer.
 In all TCP versions the assumption is that the lost segments problem
is due to network congestion.
 In wireless, the loss is due to higher bit error ratio in the radio
interface.
 5G mobile terminals have transport layer that is possible to be
downloaded and installed- Open Transport Protocol (OTP).
 Transport layer + Session Layer = OTP
Application Layer (service):
 Provides intelligent QoS (Quality of Service) management over
variety of networks i.e. provides good service quality.
 Provides possibility for service quality testing & storage of
measurement information in information database in the mobile
terminal.
 Select best wireless connection for given services
 QoS parameters such as delay, losses, bandwidth, and reliability will
be stored in the database of 5G mobile.
 It decrypts the data from its previously encrypted format.
Presentation layer + Application Layer= Application Service Layer

20. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE OF 5G
HARDWARE
 Uses UWB (ultra wideband) networkswith high bandwidthat low
energy levels.
 Bandwidth is of 4000Mbps, whichis 400 timesfaster than today’s
wireless networks.
 It uses smart antenna which are used to identify spatial signal
signature such as direction of arrival (DOA)of signal and use it to
calculate vectors to track and locate antennalbeam on mobile.
 It uses CDMA (code division multipleaccess) which is where several
transmitters can send information simultaneousover asingle
communication channel. It allowssharing of band frequencies.
SOFTWARE
 5G will be single unified standardsof differentwirelessnetworks
includingLAN technologies, LAN/WAN, WWWW-WorldWide
Wireless Web, unifiesIP and seamless combination of broadband.
 Software defined radio, encryption, and flexibility, anti-virus.

21. CONCLUSION
While the future is becoming more difficult to predict
over the years, we should expect an accelerative pace of
technological change.
We conclude that Nanotechnology, Cloud Computing and All
IP network are the next wave of the technological
enhancement.
As in evolution and explosion, many will become extinct but
some will become the face of the new world and bring about
great changes.
Keep looking forward to a change of your lifetime.
The revolution of technology is upon us.
Are you geared up????

22. REFERENCE
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/hrk1592-1640618-5g-
nanocore/
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/rohanchaubey-2237484-5g-
wireless-technology/
http://learntelecom.com/first-research-paper-on-5g-networks/
http://www.slideshare.net/upadhyayniki/5g-wireless-technology-14669479
http://www.slideshare.net/Amar5/5g-wireless-systems?related=1