1. PLAN 4003: Urban Form & Design
Week 14: COURSE REVIEW
Anuradha Mukherji
Assistant Professor of Urban and Regional Planning

2. Piazza Del Campidoglio (Rome, Italy), Michelangelo, 1537, Italian Renaissance
This image is attributed to Society of Architectural Historians @ 2011 (CC BY-NC 2.0)

3. Piazza Del Campidoglio (Rome, Italy)/Capitoline Hill, Michelangelo, 1537, Italian Renaissance
This image is attributed to Giulio Menna @ 2010 (CC BY-ND 2.0)

4. Haussmannization of Paris (Transformation of a Medieval City)
This image is attributed to Mark Jaroski @ 2004 (CC BY-SA 2.5)

5. Haussmannization of Paris (Transformation of a Medieval City)
This image is attributed to John McNab @ 2010 (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

6. Haussmannization of Paris (Transformation of a Medieval City)

7. Haussmannization of Paris (Transformation of a Medieval City)

8. Ohio Works of the Carnegie Steel Co., Youngstown, Ohio, 1910
These images are attributed to Haines Photo Co. @ 1919 (PD-US-1923) and Seattle Engineering Co. (PD-US-1923)
Seattle Railroad, 1900

9. Urban Tenements
This image is in the public domain (PD-US-1923)

10. This image is attributed to Public Domain (PD-US-1923)
Frederick Law Olmstead, 1895
Portrait by John Singer Sargent (1856-1925)
URBAN PARKS MOVEMENT
- Urban parks formalized as public space or
recreational area
- Response to worsening urban conditions
- Links with public health
- Aligned with democratic ideals, open to all
- Parks for the public
- Move away from formalized, rationalized
geometric designs, more organic instead
- Parks as the ‘lungs of the city’, bringing clean
air and sunlight into dirty grimy industrial city
- Parks provided recreational opportunities and
an ‘outlet’ for the stresses of city life

11. Central Park, New York City (Designed by Frederick Law Olmstead & Calvert Vaux, 1858, 843 acre)

12. Garden City – Self sufficient unit
This image is attributed to Public Domain (PD-US-1923)
IDEA OF THE GARDEN CITY
- Ebenezer Howard – Town-Country Magnet
- Overcrowding an urban ill
- Cities attractive due to higher wages and
social opportunities, recreation
- Hardship in cities – high rents, prices, long
work hours, commuting distance, isolation
and alienation, health hazards
- Rural life beautiful - offers land, fresh air,
water, sunshine
- Rural less compelling – dull and lack of
economic opportunities
- Combining features of urban and country
life to achieve balanced lifestyles and best
of both
- Self contained garden cities of 30,000
people around a larger central city
- Cities with higher wages, regular jobs and
healthier environments

13. Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City (Reorganization of the City)
This image is attributed to Public Domain (PD-US-1923)
GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT
- Elements – zoning and
greenbelts
- Zoning – division of land
for different uses
- Green belts – ‘buffer’
zones between distinct
land uses
- Housing and community
facilities away from
factory and
manufacturing areas

14. Letchworth Garden City, Hertfordshire, Great Britain
This image is attributed to Public Domain (PD-US-1923)

15. CORBUSIER’S IDEAS
- Modern city functions along straight lines –
sewers, tunnels, highways, traffic circulation
- Divided into grid system, no need for curves
- Stress on functionality, no artistic tradition
- Bare, efficient, functional – main purpose of
carrying traffic, gas, water, electric lines
- No discussion of street as a public space –
crooked streets as pack donkey’s way

16. This image is attributed to United States Geological Survey
Pruitt-Igoe Public Housing Complex, St. Louis, Missouri

17. BRASILIA, Capital of Brazil
This image is attributed to www.urbanity.es, Accessed February 2013

18. BRASILIA
This image is attributed to www.skyscraperlife.com, Accessed February 2013

19. Central Monumental Axis, BRASILIA
This image is attributed www.urbanity.es, Accessed February 2013

20. CAMILLO SITTE’S IDEAS
- Straight lines are unnatural, do not follow
terrain
- Need both art and function to make cities
appealing
- Lack of urban public space in cities
- Isolated block of buildings, and no unifying
factors, boring spaces

21. Camillo Sitte, Study of Medieval Plazas
This image is attributed to Public Domain (PD-US-1923)

22. NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT – CLARENCE PERRY
This image is attributed to New York Regional Survey @ 1929
- Growing congestion
and traffic
- New plans for regional
expansion
- Idea of a self contained
neighborhood unit
- Centered on school and
community center
- Bound by arterial roads
- No vehicular traffic
through neighborhood
- Unit – school, residential,
shops, parks
- Codified by FHA into
sub-division standards

23. JANE JACOBS
This image is attributed to www.thesocietypages.org, Accessed February 2013
1. Sidewalk & Safety - Eyes on the Street
1. Sidewalk & Public Life
1. Sidewalk & Child Rearing
1. Neighborhood Park
1. City Neighborhoods

24. Greenwich Village, New York City
This image is attributed to nydiscovery7 @ 2007 (CC BY-NC 2.0)

25. North End, Boston
This image is attributed to Mukherji @ 2013, All Rights Reserved

26. Suburban Sprawl, Las Vegas
This image is attributed to guidoanselmi @ 2010 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

27. Mixed Use Development, Greater London
This image is attributed to Minerva Bloom @ 2009 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

28. NEW URBANISM, Main Square, Seaside, Florida
This image is attributed to Tim Cummins @ 2007 (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

29. NEW URBANISM, Main Square, Seaside, Florida
This image is attributed to UGArdener @ 2012 (CC BY-NC 2.0)

30. NEW URBANISM, Street, Seaside, Florida
This image is attributed to UGArdener @ 2012 (CC BY-NC 2.0)

31. NEW URBANISM, Inner Street, Seaside, Florida
This image is attributed to UGArdener @ 2012 (CC BY-NC 2.0)

32. Kevin Lynch

33. BOSTON

34. Wynantskill, New York
This image is attributed to Matt Wade @ 2009 (CC BY-SA 3.0)

35. Andover, Massachusetts
This image is attributed to NNECAPA@ 2005 (CC 2.0)

36. Greenville, North Carolina
This image is attributed to Zach Frailey @ 2013 (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

37. THIRD PLACE – English Pub

38. THIRD PLACE – Bath House, China

39. THIRD PLACE – Street side Bench, Italy

40. Stroget (Largest Pedestrian Mall), Copenhagen, Denmark
This image is attributed to Project for Public Spaces (www.pps.org)

41. Plaza (Sitting), Seattle, Washington
Photograph by Anuradha Mukherji @ 2013

42. Union Square, San Francisco, California

43. Rockfeller Center Office, New York City, New York
This image is attributed to Project for Public Spaces (www.pps.org)

44. Space Between Buildings, Seattle, Washington
Photograph by Anuradha Mukherji @ 2013

45. Complete Street (Downtown, Portland, Oregon)
This image is attributed to Todd Mecklem @ 2011 (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

46. Complete Street, East Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina
This image is attributed to CompleteStreets @ 2010 (CC BY-NC 2.0)

47. Automobile Parking, Wide Pedestrian Sidewalk & Sheltered Bike Parking (Hawthorne, Portland, Oregon)
This image is attributed to Steven Vance @ 2010 (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)

48. Elevated Highways, Shanghai, China
This image is attributed to Pyzhou @ 2008 (CC BY-SA 3.0)

49. Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
This image is attributed to Richard Aufreiter @ 2012 (CC BY-NC 3.0)

50. Shanghai, China
This image is attributed to Richard Aufreiter @ 2012 (CC BY-NC 3.0)