Today Desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing fresh water from salt and brackish water alike. Increased water conservation and efficiency remain the most cost effective priorities in areas of the world when there is a large potential to improve the efficiency of water use practices.

3. WHAT IS DESALINATION?
Desalination is the process of removing
salts and other minerals from the saline
water to render it suitable for drinking,
irrigation, or industrial uses.

4. Salinity
Type of saline
water
Salinity value
(ppm)
Fresh water <1000
Slightly saline
water
1000-3000
Moderately saline
water
3000-10,000
Highly saline water 10,000-35,000

5. • Water, water,
everywhere,
And all the boards
did shrink. Water,
water everywhere,
Nor any drop to
drink.
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge
(1772-1834), "The Rime of
the Ancient Mariner" 1798

6. Why desalination?

7. Natural desalination
Major Stages:
1.Evaporation
2. Condensation
3. Precipitation
4. Collection

8. Principal methods used for
desalination
• Distillation(Evaporation)
• Electro dialysis
• Freezing
• Reverse osmosis

9. Distillation
d
Salt water is heated in one
container to make the
water evaporate, leaving
the salt behind. The
desalinated vapor is then
condensed to form water
in a separate container.
Although long known, it
has found limited
applications in water
supply because of the fuel
costs involved in
converting salt water to
vapor is very high.

10. Electro dialysis
Electrodialysis
reversal utilizes a
membrane, like that
in reverse osmosis,
but sends an electric
charge through the
solution to draw
metal ions to the
positive plate on one
side, and other ions
(like salt) to the
negative plate on the
other. s

11. Freezing
It is based on the principle that water excludes salts when it
crystallizes to ice.

12. Reverse osmosis

13. Wonthaggi Desalination Plant,
Victoria, Australia
Aerial view of the IDE desalination
plant in Hadera,israel.

14. • Safety water
• Water scarcity
can be easily
handled.
• Availability of
Water in Areas of Drought
• Alternative Source of
Water
• Production of a High
Yield of Water
•Higher Price
•Water Quality
Problem
•Greenhouse
Gas Emission
•Seawater
desalination
may affect the
sustainable
growth
of coastal area.

15. Desalination is process primarily done in developed countries
with enough money and resources. If technology continues to
produce new methods and better solutions to the issues that exist
today, there would be a whole new water resource for more and
more countries that are facing drought, competition for water,
and overpopulation.