PENGETAHUAN ASAS PENDIDIKAN MUZIK_PENDIDIKAN KHAS
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Muzik merupakan satu cabang seni yang menggabungkan bunyi vokal atau instrumental untuk menimbulkan rasa keindahan. Dokumen ini membincangkan definisi muzik, konsep-konsep asas seperti unsur-unsur muzik, pendekatan-pendekatan pembelajaran muzik, kemahiran muzikal dan matlamat pendidikan muzik.
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PENGETAHUAN ASAS PENDIDIKAN MUZIK_PENDIDIKAN KHAS
- 1. INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN GURU KAMPUS PEREMPUAN MELAYU, MELAKA PENGETAHUAN ASAS DALAM MUZIK SENI DALAM PENDIDIKAN WAJ3073 PENSYARAH; ENCIK AMRAN BIN ARIS PEMBENTANG; AINUN NADIRAH BINTI KAMARUDDIN ZURHAFEZA BINTI EDIL
- 2. mmkMuzik Lagu nyanyian Alat muzik komunikasi emosi Cabang seni perasaan
- 3. DEFINISI MUZIK UMUM Muzik sebagai satu cabang seni & sains yang menggabungkan bunyi vokal atau instrumental termasuk bunyi semula jadi dari persekitaran atau rekaan dengan satu cara yang dianggap memuaskan mengikut estetika, corak pemikiran dan emosi manusia yang boleh juga mencerminkan sesuatu budaya Bahasa Arab Muzik sebagai handasah alsawt yang bermaksud “kejuruteraan bunyi secara artistik”
- 4. Campbell ,1995 Muzik adalah suatu kesenian yang tertumpu pada aspek pendengaran atau aural Jamalus ,1988 Musik adalah suatu hasil karya seni berupa bunyi dalam bentuk lagu atau komposisi yang mengungkapkan fikiran dan perasaan penciptanya melalui unsur-unsur asas muzik yaitu irama, melodi, harmoni, dan bentuk atau struktur lagu serta ekspresi sebagai suatu kesatuan.
- 5. Kesimpulannya, muzik sebagai satu gabungan antara bunyi vokal atau instrumental, kesatuan antara unsur-unsur muzik dan mampu menimbulkan rasa keindahan.
- 6. Matlamat Pendidikan muzik adalah bertujuan untuk memperkembangkan potensi & kualiti diri individu dari segi nilai estetika muzik dan etika melalui pelbagai pengalaman muzik ke arah meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup dalam konteks budaya dan aspirasi negara
- 7. OBJEKTIF Dengan memahami muzik pelajar akan dapat; Menikmati pelbagai pengalaman muzik Memperkembangkan nilai estetika, kreativiti, dan ekspresi diri Merasai dan mengenal konsep muzik Meningkatkan kemahiran mendengar muzik secara aktif
- 8. OBJEKTIF Dengan memahami muzik pelajar akan dapat; Mengenal dan memahami sistem notasi muzik asas Memperkembangkan kemahiran asas dalam nyanyian, gerakan, alat Memupuk semangat berusaha, disiplin diri dan yakin diri Mengamalkan semangat toleransi dan kerjasama
- 10. Prinsip PnP Muzik “PRINCIPLES OF THE PESTALOZZIAN SYSTEM OF MUSIC” Mengajar bunyi bunyian dahulu Mengaplikasikan pembelajaran aktif (kaedah penemuan kendiri) Mengajar satu unsur muzik sahaja pada satu ketika Amalan praktik terlebih dahulu kemudian disusuli oleh teori dan prinsip Nama-nama not nyanyian dan muzik instrumental harus diselaraskan
- 11. Kaedah PnP Muzik Dalcroze Pergerakan berirama Kodaly Pembelajaran berperingkat Orff Pengalaman muzikal Gordon Sound before symbol Suzuki Pendekatan bakat Muzik instrumental dan berkait dengan pembelajaran prasekolah
- 12. Pendekatan Dalcroze Pergerakan berirama & tarian dengan aktiviti ‘eurhythmic’ ‘eurhythmic’, pendekatan pembelajaran muzik menerusi pergerakan Keutamaan kepada gerakan, improvisasi dan nyanyia solfa dalam pendidikan muzik Berpendapat bahawa tubuh badan manusia mempunyai hubungan yang rapat dengan otak melalui sistem saraf atau otot Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, Swiss composer, musician and music educator who developed Dalcroze Eurhythmics (1865 – 1950)
- 14. Pendekatan Kodaly o Pembelajaran muzik di sekolah dijalankan sebanyak 4 – 6 kali seminggu dari peringkat pra sehingga menengah o Program muzik dijalankan secara berperingkat melibatkan aspek ( nyanyian, latihan aural, notasi muzik dan permainan alat muzik) o 3 jenis teknik atau komponen di dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran iaitu: i) Solfa ii) Isyarat Tangan. iii) Simbol, Notasi dan Sebutan Irama Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist , pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher (1882 – 1967)
- 15. Pendekatan Orff oPenekanan terhadap beraneka jenis pengalaman muzikal oIrama bahasa/lagu dan pergerakan secara spontan membantu pelajar memahami konsep muzik oEmpat komponen utama dalam pembelajaran Orff -imitasi(mengajuk balik -eksplorasi(fasa cari sendiri) -Improvisasi -Creation -Literasi 20th-century German composer (1895 – 1982)
- 16. Pendekatan Gordon Pendekatan yang lebih bersifat formal Mengutamakan prinsip ‘sound before symbol’ Pembelajaran muzik tanpa notasi terlebih dahulu sebelum simbol muzik Pembelajaran muzik boleh berlaku dengan baik jika pelajar menguasai kebolehan ‘ audiation’ ‘audiation’; proses mental yang membolehkan manusia mendengar muzik dalam akal fikiran tanpa rujukan mana mana bunyi yang diakibat secara fizikal. preeminent researcher, teacher, author, editor, and lecturer in the field of music education
- 17. Pendekatan Suzuki Diberi nama sebagai pendekatan bakat Memerlukan alat-alat khas khas iaitu violin kecil Penglibatan ibu bapa dalam proses pembelajaran muzik secara individu Pendidikan muzik bermula dari peringkat awal kanak-kanak Pembelajaran bermula dengan bermain secara menghafal (role playing) sebelum pembelajaran notasi formal ‘note’. Pendekatan ini turut menekankan kepada aktiviti mendengar muzik secara berkali kali inventor of the international Suzuki method of music education and developed a philosophy for educating people of all ages and abilities 1898-1998
- 20. MELODI ♪ Susunan bunyi ton (pic) secara melintang ♪ Susunan pic tinggi, rendah dan sederhana. ♪Sesuatu melodi bertukar jika pic dan irama bertukar. ♪Ton-ton dalam satu siri pic yang ada kaitan antara satu sama lain membentuk satu kumpulan atau rangkaian pic. ♪ Gabungan beberapa rangkaian pic membentuk sebuah melodi lagu
- 22. Skel Solfa
- 23. Contoh aktiviti yang boleh dilaksanakan oleh guru :
- 24. ♫ Gabungan dua atau lebih not yang disusun secara menegak dan dibunyikan bersama atau serentak. ♫ Gabungan dua atau lebih pic dimainkan atau dibunyikan secara serentak. ♫ Dua atau lebih rangkaian melodi boleh digabungkan dan dibunyikan serentak. ♫ Gabungan not-not ini akan membentuk kod. ♫ Iringan kord pada melodi boleh menghasilkan bunyi harmoni. HARMONI
- 25. Not Kod
- 27. Triad Triad dalam c major Arpeggio
- 28. Diaplikasikan kepada semua yang berkaitan dengan unsur masa dalam muzik. Muzik bergerak kepada beat/bunyi yang stabil. Setiap beat dan rehat mempunyai nilai sama ada panjang / pendek. Gabungan not / beat membentuk corak irama yang berlainan atau berulang-ulang. IRAM A
- 30. EKSPRES I ♬ Ciri muzikal yang mempengaruhi sesuatu persembahan vokal atau instrumental. ♬ Sesuatu bunyi itu boleh menjadi kuat atau lembut. ♬ Sesuatu bunyi itu boleh dilanjutkan, dilicinkan dan dipendekkan atau dilembutkan secara beransur-ansur. ♬ Sesuatu siri/sekuen bunyi boleh dicepatkan atau dilambatkan. ♬ Gabungan aplikasi ciri muzikal boleh menghasilkan satu ekpresi idea muzik
- 32. BENTUK ♪ Bentuk ialah satu corak atau patern yang boleh dihasilkan melalui gabungan beberapa pic atau ton. ♪ Gabungan siri-siri pic menghasilkan satu idea muzik. ♪ Rangkaian frasa boleh dicantumkan untuk menghasilkan satu idea muzik yang lebih besar. ♪ Bahagian atau segmen muzik seperti intro dan yang akhir boleh diadakan.
- 33. Contoh penyusunan idea muzik dalam bentuk Bentuk dua bahagian Bentuk strofik Bentuk tradisional Bentuk rondo Bentuk tiga bahagian
- 34. WARN A TON Bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh pelbagai sumber yang mempunyai sifat dan kualiti tersendiri. ♫ Suara lelaki dengan suara perempuan ♫ Suara perempuan dengan suara kanak- kanak ♫ Petikan gitar dengan tiupan trompet ♫ Paluan gong dengan gesekan biola
- 35. ♬ Sesuatu bunyi-bunyian itu mempunyai mutu yang berlainan dan memberi satu gambaran atau idea yang tersendiri. ♪Contohnya ton gelap, cerah, padat, garau, kasar, halus, dan lain-lain lagi. ♬ Hasil dan mutu sesuatu bunyi itu adalah disebabkan oleh alat itu sendiri dibuat daripada bahan-bahan tertentu, cara dibuat dan dibunyikan. ♪Contohnya ialah, suara soprano, alto, tenor, dan bes. Keluarga alat seperti membranofon, aerofon, kordafon dan idiofon.
- 37. JALINAN ♥ Merupakan satu ciri cara pemuzik mengadunkan bunyi muzik agar menjadi lebih menarik dan diminati ramai. ♥ Tekstur ditentukan oleh pelbagai kombinasi atau gabungan bunyi yang didengar. ♥ Sesuatu bunyi yang didengar boleh memberi bunyi yang nipis (satu) atau tebal (banyak). ♥ Tekstur ditentukan oleh pembentukan harmoni.
- 38. JALINAN Monofon i Homofon i Polifon i Apabila muzik itu hanya pada melodi sahaja iaitu tanpa ada alat iringan atau hanya mempunyai satu bunyi sahaja. Dua atau lebih suara dialunkan bersama, beberapa melodi dinyanyikan serentak dan mempunyai harmoni. Apabila melodi diiringi oleh alat muzikal yang berharmoni yang mempunyai kod.
- 39. TAYANGAN VIDEO
- 43. KEMAHIRAN MUZIKAL MUZIK DENGAN GERAKAN ♫ Melibatkan diri secara aktif ♫ Mendengar secara aktif dan selektif ♫ Memahami konsep muzik melalui pergerakan ♫ Meneroka dan menginterprestasi muzik melalui pergerakan ♫ Memupuk nilai yakin diri, disiplin diri dan daya estetika muzik
- 44. KEMAHIRAN MUZIKAL PERMAINAN ALAT MUZIK ♪ Bermain alat muzik secara muzikal dan terkawal ♪ Memahami dan mengaplikasi konsep muzik dalam permainan alat ♪ Mengenali alat muzik tradisional ♪ Memupuk nilai yakin diri, disiplin diri dan daya estetika muzik
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Animated picture buttons grow and turn on path (Advanced) To reproduce the curved shape on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, draw a triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter 7.5” into the Height box and enter 4.75” into the Width box. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align Middle. Click Align Left. On the slide, select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Insert Shapes group, click Edit Shape, and then click Edit Points. Right-click the diagonal side of the triangle, and then click Curved Segment. Click the bottom right corner of the triangle and then move the curve adjustment handle to create a consistent curve. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline, and then click No Outline. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear. In the Angle box, enter 225. Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 230, Green: 230, Blue: 230. To reproduce the picture and text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow under Crop, click Crop to Shape, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first option from the left). With the picture still selected, under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2”. To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position, enter values into the Height, Width, Left, and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate, enter values into the Height and Width boxes. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then, in the 3-D Format pane, do the following: Under Bevel, click the button next to Top and click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 25°. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the Transparency box, enter 77%. In the Size box, enter 100%. In the Blur box, enter 10 pt. In the Angle box, enter 141°. In the Distance box, enter 10 pt. On the slide, drag the picture onto the curve, near the top. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box. On the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box and select it. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Corbel. In the Font Size box, enter 22. Click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box. On the slide, drag the text box to the right of the picture. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: It will help to zoom out in order to view the area off the slide. On the View tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom. In the Zoom dialog box, select 65%. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, click Grow & Turn, and then click OK. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Motion Paths click Arcs. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Right. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Reverse Path Direction. On the slide, select the arc effect path, and then drag the bottom sizing handle below the bottom of the slide. Drag the right side sizing handle to the left until the path curve approximately matches the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the green rotation handle to the left to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. You may need to make further adjustments to the length, width, and angle of the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select After Previous. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1. To reproduce the other animated pictures and text boxes on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. On the slide, press and hold CTRL and then select the picture and the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy, and then click Duplicate. On the slide, drag the duplicate picture and text onto the curve below the first group. On the slide, select the duplicate picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click Change Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2”. To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position, enter values into the Height, Width, Left, and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate, enter values into the Height and Width boxes. In the Animation Pane, click the Arc animation effect for the new picture. Drag the green rotation handle to the right to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. Click in the duplicate text box and edit the text. Repeat steps 2-7 two more times to reproduce the third and fourth pictures and text boxes with animation effects.
- Animated picture buttons grow and turn on path (Advanced) To reproduce the curved shape on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, draw a triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter 7.5” into the Height box and enter 4.75” into the Width box. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align Middle. Click Align Left. On the slide, select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Insert Shapes group, click Edit Shape, and then click Edit Points. Right-click the diagonal side of the triangle, and then click Curved Segment. Click the bottom right corner of the triangle and then move the curve adjustment handle to create a consistent curve. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline, and then click No Outline. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear. In the Angle box, enter 225. Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 230, Green: 230, Blue: 230. To reproduce the picture and text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow under Crop, click Crop to Shape, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first option from the left). With the picture still selected, under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2”. To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position, enter values into the Height, Width, Left, and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate, enter values into the Height and Width boxes. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then, in the 3-D Format pane, do the following: Under Bevel, click the button next to Top and click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 25°. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the Transparency box, enter 77%. In the Size box, enter 100%. In the Blur box, enter 10 pt. In the Angle box, enter 141°. In the Distance box, enter 10 pt. On the slide, drag the picture onto the curve, near the top. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box. On the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box and select it. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Corbel. In the Font Size box, enter 22. Click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box. On the slide, drag the text box to the right of the picture. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: It will help to zoom out in order to view the area off the slide. On the View tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom. In the Zoom dialog box, select 65%. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, click Grow & Turn, and then click OK. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Motion Paths click Arcs. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Right. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Reverse Path Direction. On the slide, select the arc effect path, and then drag the bottom sizing handle below the bottom of the slide. Drag the right side sizing handle to the left until the path curve approximately matches the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the green rotation handle to the left to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. You may need to make further adjustments to the length, width, and angle of the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select After Previous. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1. To reproduce the other animated pictures and text boxes on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. On the slide, press and hold CTRL and then select the picture and the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy, and then click Duplicate. On the slide, drag the duplicate picture and text onto the curve below the first group. On the slide, select the duplicate picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click Change Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2”. To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position, enter values into the Height, Width, Left, and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate, enter values into the Height and Width boxes. In the Animation Pane, click the Arc animation effect for the new picture. Drag the green rotation handle to the right to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. Click in the duplicate text box and edit the text. Repeat steps 2-7 two more times to reproduce the third and fourth pictures and text boxes with animation effects.