Anatomy of the face
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Anatomy of the face
- 2. MOB TCD Anatomy of the Face Professor Emeritus Moira OâBrien FRCPI, FFSEM, FFSEM (UK), FTCD Trinity College Dublin
- 3. MOB TCD Face ⢠Sensory supply of face is trigeminal ⢠5th cranial nerve ⢠C2 ⢠Motor supply ⢠Muscles of facial expression ⢠Facial nerve 7th cranial
- 4. MOB TCD Sensory Nerve Supply ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Trigeminal Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular Cervical plexus
- 5. MOB TCD Terminal Branches of 5th ⢠Supraorbital ⢠Infraorbital damaged in blow out fracture of orbit ⢠Lateral ⢠Mental; dentures, fracture of mandible ⢠Trigeminal neuralgia
- 6. MOB TCD Sensory Trigeminal Nerve ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Ophthalmic V Supraorbital Supratrochlear Maxillary V Infraorbital Zygomaticofacial Mandibular V Mental Buccal
- 7. MOB TCD Fractured Zygoma ⢠View from above shows depression ⢠Lateral X-ray view should be done
- 8. MOB TCD Great Auricular ⢠C2 from cervical plexus ⢠Skin over angle of mandible
- 9. MOB TCD Scalp ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Skin Subcutaneous Epicranial aponeurosis Three fused together Loose areolar tissue Periosteum Occipito-frontalis Attached posteriorly No anterior attachment
- 10. MOB TCD Scalp ⢠Occipital portion of occipitofrontals and epicranial aponeurosis attached to bone posterior ⢠Frontal no bony attachment ⢠Scalp wounds cause black eyes ⢠Occipital belly ⢠Posterior auricular of facial nerve ⢠Frontal belly by temporal of facial nerve
- 11. MOB TCD Blood and Nerve Supply of Scalp ⢠Supraorbital vessels and nerve ⢠Scalp as far as vertex ⢠Posterior scalp ⢠Greater occipital C2 ⢠Occipital and posterior auricular vessels ⢠Zygomatico temporal ⢠Greater auricular
- 12. MOB TCD Eyelid ⢠⢠⢠⢠Skin Orbicularis oculi Palpebral portion Orbital septum and tarsal plates, mebonium glands ⢠Medial palpebral ligament anchors tarsal plates to anterior lacrimal crest ⢠Conjunctival sac
- 13. MOB TCD Levator Palpebrae Superiores ⢠⢠⢠⢠Arises from back of roof of orbit Inserted into skin of upper eyelid The superior tarsal plate Superior fornix of conjunctiva
- 14. MOB TCD Levator Palpebrae Superiores ⢠Elevates upper eyelid ⢠Voluntary muscle supplied by 3rd oculomotor nerve ⢠Smooth muscle ⢠Sympathetic T1 ⢠Superior cervical ganglion
- 15. MOB TCD Lacrimal Apparatus ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Lacrimal gland Conjunctival sac Puncta Cananiculi Nasolacrimal sac Nasolacrimal duct Inferior meatus nose
- 16. MOB TCD Horner's Syndrome ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Ptosis Drooping eyelid Meiosis Constricted pupil Anhydrosis Lack of sweating Enopthalmos
- 17. MOB TCD Muscles of Facial Expression ⢠Muscles of second branchial arch ⢠Nerve second arch is facial nerve ⢠Inserted into skin of face ⢠Buccal pad of fat ⢠No deep fascia in face ⢠Except around parotid ⢠Parotid duct
- 18. MOB TCD Orbicularis Oculi ⢠Orbital closes eyelid tightly, buries eyelashes ⢠Makes conjunctival sac smaller ⢠Finer palpebral portion in eyelid ⢠Anterior to tarsal plate ⢠Closes eye in blinking and sleep ⢠No action on conjunctival sac
- 19. MOB TCD Muscles of Facial Expression ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Occipito frontalis Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris Buccinator Platysma Skin of face Incisions
- 20. MOB TCD Muscles of Facial Expression ⢠Orbicularis oris ⢠Intrinsic: origin and insertion inside, only alters shape ⢠Extrinsic: origin outside, alters position
- 21. MOB TCD Muscles of Facial Expression ⢠Incisions in the face evert edges ⢠Platysma ⢠Inserted into lower border of mandible ⢠Posterior fibres form risorius
- 22. MOB TCD Buccinator ⢠Buccinator 7th nerve ⢠Accessory muscle of mastication ⢠Outer aspect of maxilla and mandible ⢠Related to molar teeth ⢠Pterygomandibular raphe ⢠Action keeps food out of vestibule ⢠Sucking ⢠Blowing trumpet
- 23. MOB TCD Facial Nerve Motor nerve to: ⢠Posterior auricular to occipital belly ⢠Posterior belly of digastric Enters parotid and divides into branches ⢠Temporal ⢠Zygomatic ⢠Buccal ⢠Mandibular ⢠Cervical
- 24. MOB TCD Facial Nerve ⢠Stroke ⢠Upper motor neurone of facial ⢠Forehead is spared ⢠Can wrinkle forehead ⢠Bilaterally innervated ⢠All muscles of one side paralysed if it is a lower motor neurone e.g. Bellâs palsy
- 25. MOB TCD Bellâs Palsy ⢠Lower motor neurone of facial nerve ⢠Forehead and all the muscles on the side of lesion are affected
- 26. MOB TCD Facial Palsy MOB TCD
- 27. MOB TCD Corneal Reflex ⢠Afferent (sensory) cilary branches nasocilary of ophthalmic of 5th ⢠Efferent (motor) ⢠Zygomatic branch of facial 7th ⢠Last reflex to go
- 28. MOB TCD Blood Supply and Pulses in Face Internal carotid ⢠Supraorbital artery ⢠Branch of ophthalmic External carotid ⢠Superficial temporal artery ⢠Facial artery
- 29. MOB TCD Venous Drainage of Face ⢠Supraorbital and anterior facial ⢠Communicate superior ophthalmic veins which drain into cavernous sinus ⢠Deep facial vein ⢠Superficial temporal ⢠Retromandibular ⢠Common facial
- 30. MOB TCD Emissary Veins Cavernous Sinus ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Superior ophthalmic veins Anterior facial Deep facial Pterygoid plexus Danger area of face Parietal emissary veins from scalp to superior sagittal sinus
- 31. MOB TCD Lymph Glands ⢠Submental ⢠Submandibular ⢠Buccal and mandibular ⢠Preauricural ⢠Occipital
- 32. âBMJ Publishing Group Limited (âBMJ Groupâ) 2012. All rights reserved.â
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