Rice grains, rice tips, rice bran & rice polish in animal nutrition

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Rice Grains, Rice Tips, Rice Bran & Rice Polish
in Animal Nutrition

2. What we are going to study …
We will discuss
– Rice Grains
– Rice Tips
– Rice Bran
– Rice Polish
Under the following points
Introduction
Nutritional Composition
Production / Yield
Anti-nutritional Factors
Indusion Level in Feed for Different Animal Species
Price per Kg
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3. Rice Grains
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4. Introduction to Rice Grains
• First used in the feed as a
supplement of cereal grains.
• As the cultivation expanded,
they replaced these cereals
e.g millet, sorghum and even
wheat.
• Rice grains are a component
of animal feed in the third
world countries with high
yield.
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5. Nutrient Profile of Rice Grains
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Main Analysia Unit Average
Moisture % as Fed 88.0
CP % DM 8.3
EE % DM 2.1
CF % DM 11.1
Crude Ash % DM 5.9
Gross Energy MJ/Kg DM 17.6
Minerals Unit Average
Ca g/Kg DM 0.6
P g/Kg DM 2.9
K g/Kg DM 2.8
Na g/Kg DM 0.3
Mg g/Kg DM 1.0

6. Common Varities of Rice Grains
 Super Basmati
 Basmati Rice PK-385
 Long Grain 386 Rice
 Irri-6 White Rice
 Irri-9 White Rice
 Parboiled Rice
 Brown Rice
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7. Production of Rice Grains
• Obtained in whole or
paddy form by
threshing.
• Threshing is mostly
done manually but also
involves the use of
specialized threshing
machines.
• Paddy rice is de-husked
or de-hulled to get
brown rice.
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8. Production of Rice Grains
• White rice involves
removal of the outer
bran layers of the brown
rice.
– Unhusked rice may be
parboiled (steamed or
boiled after soaking)
Before milling to soften
the husk.
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9. Production of Rice Grains
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10. Sowing and Harvesting Season of Rice
Season Sowing Harvesting
Autumn March-August June-Decmber
Winter June-October November-April
Summer November-February March-June
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11. Yield of Rice Grains in Pakistan
• One of the world’s largest producer of rice.
• Together with the rest of the South Asia; the country is
responsible for supplying 25% of the world’s paddy rice
output.
• Most of this is grown in the fertile Sindh and Punjab region.
• Most famous variety grown in Pakistan is Basmati, known for
its flavor and quality.
– Rice production comprises 40% of Basmati (Fine) type and 60% of
coarse types.
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12. Yield of Rice Grains in Pakistan
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Area, production & yield of rice in Pakistan
Year
Area Production Yield
Hectares
(in 000s)
Tons
(in 000s)
Kgs per
Hectare
2015 2,891 7,005 2,234

13. Anti-nutritional Factors of Rice Grains
• Phytates / Phytic Acid
– Bind to minerals like zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, niacin and calcium,
preventing their absorption.
• Trypsin Inhibitor
– Makes it hard to digest all the protein.
– Trypsin is a digestive enzyme produced by mammals to cleave protein
peptides.
• Haemagglutinin-lectin
– It can bind to specific carbohydrate receptor sites in the intestinal lining and
impede nutritional absorption.
– Only present in bran.
– Standard steam cooking inactivates its toxicity.
• Potential Allergens
– Not necessarily common.
– Incidence rises in countries that eat a lot of rice.
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14. Price per Kg of Rice Grains
• Price is 100 rupees
per kg.
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15. Inclusion Level of Rice Grains in Feed
• Ruminants Feed
– Up to 70% of diet by increasing in intervals to prevent
acidosis.
• Sheep Feed
– Up to 80 % but by increasing in intervals.
• Poultry Feed
– Not recommended (used only in broken form).
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16. Rice Tips
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17. Introduction to Rice Tips
• Other names
– Rice Jowaer (China, Japan)
– Nakko (Pakistan, India)
• Broken ends of rice grains
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18. Nutrient Profile of Rice Tips
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Main Analysia Unit Average
Moisture % as Fed 88.0
CP % DM 8.3
EE % DM 2.1
CF % DM 11.1
Crude Ash % DM 5.9
Gross Energy MJ/Kg DM 17.6
Minerals Unit Average
Ca g/Kg DM 0.6
P g/Kg DM 2.9
K g/Kg DM 2.8
Na g/Kg DM 0.3
Mg g/Kg DM 1.0

19. Production & Yield of Rice Tips
• Produced along with
the broken rice during
the milling and
processing of rice grains
• 25-38 % of the broken
rice produced
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20. Anti-nutritional Factors of Rice Tips
• Same as in rice grains.
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21. Price per Kg of Rice Tips
• Price is 40 to 60
rupees per kg.
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22. Inclusion Level of Rice Tips in Feed
• Ruminants Feed
– Up to 70% of diet by increasing in intervals to prevent
acidosis.
• Sheep Feed
– Up to 80 % but by increasing in intervals.
• Poultry Feed
– Used up to 50 % as a replacement of maize.
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23. Rice Bran
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24. Introduction to Rice Bran
• Composed of the second
outer layer of the rice kernel
and some part of the
endosperm and germ.
• Rich source of proteins, lipids,
vitamins, and trace minerals.
• Methods to stabilize rice bran
and to extract its oils have
been developed.
• Interest in rice bran grew
from the determination that
its inclusion in the diet lowers
serum cholesterol.
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25. Introduction to Rice Bran
• Produced from the outer layer of the brown rice
grain.
• Used in cereals, mixes and vitamin concentrates due
to its high levels of vitamin B6, iron, phosphorus,
magnesium, potassium, nicacin, and thiamin.
• Also rich in fiber.
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26. Nutrient Profile of Rice Bran
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Main Analysia Unit Average
Moisture % as Fed 90.0
CP % DM 14.2
EE % DM 13.2
CF % DM 4.1
Crude Ash % DM 6.9
Gross Energy MJ/Kg DM 20.5
Minerals Unit Average
Ca g/Kg DM 0.6
P g/Kg DM 13.9
K g/Kg DM 10.8
Mg g/Kg DM 6.1

27. Production & Yield of Rice Bran
• Generated when brown rice moves through the whiteners
and polishers.
• When paddy is milled in a huller, rice bran is produced but
mixed with rice hulls.
• During the processing of whole rice, large amounts of the
grain’s outer layers are removed
– raising the concentration of nutrients in the bran.
– rendering it an important source of nutrients for the food industry
and human consumption .
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28. Annual Yield of Rice Bran
• Approximately one million ton is produced annually and used
predominantly for animal feed.
• The yield of rice bran from 100 kg paddy is 22.8 kg.
• Its yield depends upon the degree of milling of the brown
rice.
• It may vary from 5 to 10 per cent.
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29. Anti-nutritional Factors of Rice Bran
• Phytates / Phytic Acid
– bind to minerals like zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, niacin and calcium,
preventing their absorption.
– physical removal of the bran removes the phytate.
• Trypsin Inhibitor
– A bit of it is present in rice bran.
– Steaming rice bran deactivates it.
– It inhibits protein digestion.
• Haemagglutinin-lectin
– It can bind to specific carbohydrate receptor sites in the intestinal
lining and impede nutritional absorption.
– Only present in bran.
– Standard steam cooking inactivates its toxicity.
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30. Price per Kg of Rice Bran
• Price is 136 rupees
per kg.
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31. Inclusion Level of Rice Bran in Feed
• Ruminants Feed
– 30 to 40 %
• Sheep Feed
– 40 %
• Poultry Feed
– 10-20%
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32. Rice Polish
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33. Introduction to Rice Polish
• Finally ground material
obtained in polishing the
rice kernals, after the hull
and bran have been
removed.
• Can be used as a part of
concentrates for dairy
cattle, beaf cattle and sheep.
• The cheapest source of
energy and protein for
poultry feeding.
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34. Nutrient Profile of Rice Polish
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Main Analysia Unit Average
Moisture % as Fed 89.2
CP % DM 10.4
EE % DM 0.5
CF % DM 0.4
Crude Ash % DM 0.6
Gross Energy MJ/Kg DM 18.0
Minerals Unit Average
Ca g/Kg DM 0.5
P g/Kg DM 3.2
Mn g/Kg DM 8.0
Zn g/Kg DM 12.0

35. Production & Yield of Rice Polish
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• Rice polishing machines
use talc or some other
very fine dust to polish
the outer surface of
rice kernals.
• White rice is mostly
used after milling.

36. Production & Yield of Rice Polish
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• Following are the products of rice polishing process.
• Approximately 9984 tons is produced in 2015.
Product mix Percentage
Polished Silky Rice 40%
Polished Non Silky Rice 40%
Polished Broken Rice 10%
Rice Bran 10%

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Production Process
Flow Diagram

38. Anti-nutritional Factors of Rice Polish
• All the chemical negatives are found in the hull, husk,
and bran, and those are easily removed or negated.
• It is essentially a blank slate.
– Nothing all that bad about it, but nothing all that great,
either.
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39. Price per Kg of Rice Polish
• Price is 115 rupees
per kg.
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40. Inclusion Level of Rice Polish in Feed
• Ruminant Feed
– 25 % of concentrate feeds.
• Sheep Feed
– 30 to 40 %
• Poultry Feed
– This is a very good substitute for cereal grains and can be
used up to 50 per cent of the ration.
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41. References
• Animal Nutrition Science by Gordon McL. Dryden
• Feeds and Feedings by Frank B. Morrison
• Rice Crop Science by S. C. Panda
• edu.par.com.pk/wiki/rice
• www.feedipedia.com
• www.smeda.org.pk (Ministry of Industries &
Production-Government of Pakistan)
• http//-anualriceproduction/riceproduction2015.com
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