tablet

1. MANUFACTURING OF TABLETS
Submitted by-
Amit Mandal
B.PHARM, 6th SEMESTAR
CLASS ROLL-B15049

2.  INTRODUCTION:
Tablets are solid, flat or biconvex unit dosage form
prepared by compressing a drug or a mixture of drugs
with or without diluents.
They vary in shape, size and weight, depending on
amount of medicinal substance and intended mode of
administration.

3.  ADVANTAGES OF
TABLETS:
• Their cost is lowest of all oral dosage form.
• They are lightest and most compact of all oral dosage
form.
• They are general easiest and cheapest to package and
strip of all oral dosage form.
• They are better suited to large scale production than
other unit dosage form.
• Odour and bitter taste can be masked by coating
technique.
• They have best mechanical, chemical and
microbilogical stability of all oral dosage form.

4.  DISADVANTAGES OF
TABLETS:
• Difficult to swallow in case of unconscious patient and
children.
• Some drug resist compression into dense compacts,
owning to their amorphous nature ,low density
character.
• Drug with poor wetting , slow dissolution properties,
optimum absorption high in GIT difficult to formulate
or manufacture as a tablet .

5.  INGREDIENTS USE IN
TABLETS :
• Diluents: Example- Lactose(anhydrous and spray dry
lactose),Sucrose(sugartab, Dipac, Nupac),Microcrystalline
cellulose-Avicel(PH101,PH102),
• Binders and adhesive:
Example- Accacia, tragacanth, starch, paste,
gelatin,cellulose derivative.
• Disintegrate:
Example-Starch derivative(primogel and explotab),cellulose
derivative(AC-Di-Sol/sodium carboxy methyl cellulose).

6. • Lubricants and Glidants:
Example- Stearic acid, stearic acid salt, talc, surfactant,
PEG(polyethylene glycol)
• Glidants :Example –Aerosol, corn starch, talc, silicon
derivative(Cab- O-Sil/ colloidal silicas).
• Coloring agentFD&C and D&C.
• Flavouring agents: flavour oil are used.
• Sweeting agents: sugar, mannitol are used.

7.  FLOW CHART OF WET GRANULATION
PROCESS:
Weighing Sieving Mixing Wet massing
Wet screening Drying Drying screening
Lubrication & blending Compression.

8.  WET GRANULATION PROCESS:
• Step1: Weighing; weighing should be done in clean area with
provision of air flow system.
• Step2: Mixing; In this step commonly used blenders are-
double cone blender, ribbon blender, v blender.
• Step3: Wet massing; wet granulation are forms the granuels
by binding the powers together with an adhesive.
• Step 4:Wet screening; wet screening process involves
converting the moist mass into coarse granular aggregates
by passage through a hard screen, passage through an
oscillatory grannulator of hammer mill equipped with screen
having large perforation.

9. • Step5:Drying; drying is usually carried out at 40-
60degree c depending on the thermo labile nature of
drug.
• Step6:Dry screening: after drying the granules size are
reduced through smaller mesh screen.
• Step7:lubrication of granules: after dry granulation the
lubricants are added as a fine powder. The lubricant is
blended very slowly to maintain uniform granule size.
• Step8:Compression: compression is done by
compression machine depending upon size of tablet.
• Example- preparation of ferrous sulfate tablet
(ferrous sulfate, corn starch, sugar solution 20%,
explotab, talc, magnesium stearate).

10. TABLET COMPRESSION IS DONE BY
COMPRESSION MACHINE:

11.  DRY GRANULATION PROCESS:
Weighing Sieving Mixing Slugging
Milling Screening Lubrication& blending
Compression.
Slugging: slug may described as poorly formed tablet
or may be described as compact mass of powdered
materials. This process is refered as slugging.

12.  CHILSONATOR ROLLER
COMPACTOR:
It is done by chilsonator roller compactor;
• Chilsonator consist of two grooved roller. Powder is
flowed into the grooves and compressed mass
produced as the roller rotates.
• Distance between the roller can be adjusted.
• By the impeller the air removed from the power mass.
• By using oscillatory granulator the granules are
prepared and lubricants are blended with the granules
and compressed in to tablet.

13.  CHILSONATOR ROLLER COMPACTORS:

14.  DIRECT COMPRESSION PROCESS:
Weighing
Sieving
Mixing
Lubrication & Blending
Compression

15. MANUFACTURING STEPS FOR DIRECT
COMPRESSION: