Paper on Paddling Washing Machine.

1. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PEDAL POWERED
WASHING MACHINE
A report is submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the
“Course: ME 3100 ’’
Supervised by:
Dr. Khandkar Aftab Hossain
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
KUET
Submitted by:
Amitav Roy
Roll: 1205058
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
KUET
August, 2015
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Khulna 9203, Bangladesh.

2. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In performing my special studies, I offer my sincerest gratitude to my supervisor,
Dr. Khandkar Aftab Hossain, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna
University of Engineering & Technology who has supported me with his patience and
knowledge to complete my task. The completion of this special work gives us much
pleasure. We would also like to expand our deepest gratitude to the Head of the department,
Professor Dr. Nawsher Ali Moral who showed patience in all of our activities relevant to
this special work.
The Author

3. ii
ABSTRACT
In many developing countries like Bangladesh, people spend almost seven hours each week
washing their family’s clothing by hands. Paddling washing machine can clean these cloths
more efficiently and faster without using electricity and polluting the environment. It also
consume less water and protect skin from harmful chemical of detergent. In the rural areas
where electric supply is unavailable and expensive electricity-powered washing machines
becomes almost impractical, pedal powered washing machine comes to use. In developed
countries too, it can be used to save electricity. Moreover, Paddling washing machine needs
low initial cost of manufacturing and low maintenance cost.

4. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………... I
Abstract …………………………………………………………………..... II
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………….. III
List of Figures ……………………………………………………………… IV
CHAPTER I
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Objective 1
CHAPTER II
2.1 Theoretical Study 2
2.2 Design Criteria 4
CHAPTER III
3.1 Fabrication 6
3.2 Different Models 7
3.3 Discussion 12
CHAPTER IV
4.1 Conclusion 13
REFERENCES 14

5. iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No Page
2.1 Wooden washing machine of 1890 2
2.2 Driving System and Transmission 3
2.3 Mechanism of Power Transmission 3
2.4 Top Loading Washing Machine 4
2.5 Front Loading Washing Machine 5
3.1 Schematic Diagram of Human Powered Washing Machine 6
3.2 Basic Formation Human Powered Washing machine 8
3.2.1 (a) Operation on GiraDora (Japanese Model) 7
3.2.1 (b )Detailed View of GiraDora (Japanese Model) 8
3.2.2 Comfortable Washing Machine 8
3.2.3 MayaPedal’s Prototype Washing Machine 9
3.2.4 Washing Machine with Seating Facility upon it 10
3.2.5 Paddling Washing Machine in Form of Sewing Machine 11
3.2.6 Paddling Washing Machine from Electric Washing Machine 12

6. 1
CHAPTER I
1.1 Introduction:
A washing machine, clothes washer, or simply washer, is a machine designed to wash
laundry, such as clothing, towels and sheets. The term is mostly applied only to
machines that use water as the cleaning solution. All washer machines work by using
mechanical energy, thermal energy, and chemical action. Mechanical energy is
imparted to the clothes load by the rotation of the agitator in top loaders, or by the
tumbling action of the drum in front loaders. Thermal energy is supplied by the
temperature of the wash bath. “Pedal Powered Washing Machine” has brought
innovation in cloth cleaning. It is the best alternative of electricity-powered washing.
1.2 Objectives:
i) To make a washing machine which is efficient, affordable and easy to build
and maintain.
ii) To relieve people from tiredness of washing clothes and back pain caused by
washing clothes for a long time.
iii) To protect the skin from toxic chemical during washing.
iv) To minimize the time of washing clothes.
v) To save washing materials like detergents, water etc.
vi) To save electricity.

7. 2
CHAPTER II
2.1 Theoretical Study:
Clothes washer technology developed as a way to reduce the manual labor spent, providing
an open basin or sealed container with paddles or fingers to automatically agitate the
clothing. The earliest machines were hand-operated and constructed from wood, while later
machines made of metal permitted a fire to burn below the washtub, keeping the water
warm throughout the day's washing. The earliest special-purpose washing device was
the washboard, invented in 1797. [1]
By the mid-1850s, steam-driven commercial laundry machinery were on sale in the UK
and US. Technological advances in machinery for commercial and institutional washers
proceeded faster than domestic washer design for
several decades, especially in the UK. In the
United States there was more emphasis on
developing machines for washing at home,
though machines for commercial laundry
services were widely used in the late 19th
centuries. The rotary washing machine was
patented by Hamilton Smith in 1858. As
electricity was not commonly available until at
least 1930, some early washing machines were
operated by a low-speed, single-cylinder hit-and-
miss gasoline.
The machine is based on very simple concept. The basic idea is to use a stationary bicycle
as the power source and use an assembly of belts and pulleys to connect it to a washing tub.
The washing tab consist of two drums – inner drum and outer drum. The basic principle of
operation of “Human Powered Washing Machine” is that when a sufficient amount of
power is applied by means of cycling through chain drive to the conventional rotating drum
mechanism, then the inner drum revolves in a clockwise direction [2]. The outer drum
Figure 2.1: Wooden Washing Machine of 1890.

8. 3
contains the water of detergent which enter through the vents of inner drum and cleans the
cloth.
Figure 2.3: Mechanism of Power Transmission.
Figure 2.2: Driving System and Transmission.

9. 4
2.2 Design Criteria:
Loading condition is important in designing a washing machine.Efficiency and other
factors may vary due to the loading condition. Generally , There are two types of
loading condition can be seen in washing machine.
 Top Loading:
This design the clothes in a vertically mounted perforated basket that is contained
within a water-retaining tub, with a finned water-pumping agitator in the center of the
bottom of the places basket. Clothes are loaded through the top of the machine [3].
 Front Loading:
This layout mounts the inner basket and outer tub horizontally, and loading is through a
door at the front of the machine. Agitation is supplied by the back-and-forth rotation of the
cylinder and by gravity. The clothes are lifted up by paddles on the inside wall of the drum
and then dropped. This motion flexes the weave of the fabric and forces water and detergent
Figure 2.4: Top Loading Washing Machine.

10. 5
solution through the clothes load. Because the wash action does not require the clothing be
freely suspended in water, only enough water is needed to moisten the fabric. Because less
water is required, front-loaders typically use less soap, and the repeated dropping and
folding action of the tumbling can easily produce large amounts of foam or suds [3].
Figure 2.5: Front Loading Washing Machine.

11. 6
CHAPTER III
3.1 Fabrication:
Figure 3.1: Schematic Diagram of Human Powered Washing Machine [4].
1 -Front Chain Sprocket;
2-Pedal;
3-Chain;
4-Rear chain sprocket;
5-Disengagable Transmission System to Drive Shaft;
6-Outer drum;
7-Inner drum.

12. 7
Figure 3.2: Basic Formation of a Human Powered Washing Machine.
3.2 Different Models:
 The gadget, GiraDora, made by Ji A You and Alex Cabunoc. There is a pedal in
lower portion of the machine which makes the agitator move inside and washing
process is initiated.
Figure 3.2.1 (a): Operation on GiraDora (Japanese Model) [5].

13. 8
 Laura Allen built this pedal-powered washer an old 55 gallon drum, an old bike,
scrap wood, nuts, bolts and one bale of hay (to lie down on).
Figure 3.2.1(b): Detailed View of GiraDora (Japanese Model) [5].
Figure 3.2.2: Comfortable Washing Machine [8].

14. 9
 MayaPedal (an organization) made a pedal-powered washing machine from locally
available materials. They built a prototype with a vertical axis agitator.
`
(a)
(b)
Figure 3.2.3: MayaPedal’s Prototype Washing Machine [6].

15. 10
 This washing machine is actually quite simple. A modified bicycle frame attached
to a square metal box that contains iron mesh drum inside. The pedal is basically
like the exercise cycling machine with attached metal box extension. The Iron mesh
drum hold the clothes, while the metal box holds the water with detergent mixed
with it. Pedaling this machine for a few minutes moves the iron mesh drum inside,
rigorously washing the clothes inside the drum. This entire cycle is carried out again
for 1-2 times thereby cleaning the clothes thoroughly.
Figure 3.2.4: Washing Machine with Seating Facility upon it. [7]
 The box is filled halfway with water, soap powder, and about 2 to 3 kg (4–7 lbs) of
clothes. It is covered for half an hour, so that all the clothes can soak in the soapy
water. Then the treadle is operated for 15 minutes for synthetic fabrics and 25
minutes for cotton fabrics. The used soapy water is then drained out. The clothes
are removed, rinsed, and dried in sunlight. After washing, the box can be removed
to make the pedaling stand available for the sewing machine.

16. 11
Figure 3.2.5: Paddling Washing Machine in form of Sewing Machine [8].
 The washing of clothes in front loading washing machines requires that the tub of
the washing machine executes rotations in both senses i.e. clockwise for some time,
then anti-clockwise for some-time and then again clockwise and so on. The shaft
connected to the bicycle rotates in one direction only so some mechanism had to be
designed by which the sense of rotation could be changed.............................. .

17. 12
……………………………………………
Figure 3.2.6: Paddling Washing Machine from Electric Washing Machine [9].
3.3 Discussion:
The person can generate four times more power (1/4 horsepower (hp)) by pedaling than by
hand cranking. At the rate of 1/4 hp, continuous pedaling can be done for only short time,
of about 10 minutes. However pedaling motion at half of this power (1/8 hp)can be
sustained for around 60 minutes Maximum power produced with legs is generally limited
by adaptations within the oxygen transportation system. On the contrary the capacity for
arm exercise is dependent upon the amounts of muscle mass engaged and that is why a
person can generate more power by pedaling than hand cranking (Tiwari P.S., 2011). Pedal
power enables a person to drive device at same rate as achieved by hand cranking but with
less efforts and fatigue. There are many people who live day to day life without reliable
power to complete daily work. Often these people are living in situations where manual
labor allows to sustain themselves, but some of the mechanical devices can offer one way
to ease the manual labor. .

18. 13
CHAPTER IV
4.1 Conclusion:
A lot of electricity is consumed in households through washing machines. It also pollutes
the environment. Pedal Powered Washing Machine aims to address both the issues. The
machine is inexpensive and easy to build. Most of parts of this machine is bicycle parts.
These parts are very inexpensive and available even in rural areas. As the machine does not
consume electricity, it has no running cost .For this reason, it is suitable for rural usages.
The washing machine can be used by the urban people also while workout and exercises.
The production of this washing machine is done at commercial scale then the total
production cost of the machine can be reduced to 40% of estimated cost.

19. 14
References
[1] "History of Washing Machines"; About.com Inventors. Retrieved 2012-05-24
[2] http://www.ijfeat.org/papers/sankalp62.pdf
[3] http://www.cevgroup.org/teardown-washing-machine/
[4] http://www.google.com/patents/US6053830
[5] http://wonderfulengineering.com/this-washing-machine-runs-without-electricity-and-
costs-only-40/
[6] The Pedal-Powered Washing Machine IDEAS 2005 Proposal by Teresa Baker,
Stephanie Dalquist, Kimberly Harrison
[7] http://trak.in/innovation/indian-school-girl-invents-washing-machine-without-
electricity-302013/
[8] Human powered machine by A. Jagadeesh
[9] Pedal Powered Washing Machine (PPWM) by Adarsh Ranjan, Kushagra Sharan,
Sudeep Mazumdar