This document discusses management control and its key aspects. It defines control as setting performance standards and measuring actual performance against those standards to identify any deviations requiring corrective action. The control process involves establishing standards, measuring performance, comparing performance to standards, and taking corrective action if needed. Effective control systems are accurate, timely, objective, focused on strategic areas, economically realistic, organizationally realistic, flexible, prescriptive, accepted by members, and can focus on inputs, the transformation process, or outputs. The document also discusses Islamic perspectives on management, which emphasize balance, teamwork, fairness, and priorities based on Islamic values and laws.

1. Management ControlManagement Control
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2. The meaning of controlThe meaning of control
• A systematic effort to set performance
standards with planning objectives, to design
information feedback systems, to compare
actual performance with standards, to
determine whether there are any deviations
and to take any action if required.
• Control is the process of ensuring that actual
activities conform to planned activities.
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3. Process of Control
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Set
performance
standards
Measure
actual
performance
Compare
performance
with
standards
Take no
corrective
action
Take
corrective
action
If deviations are
acceptable
If deviations are
unacceptable

4. Steps in the control processSteps in the control process
• 1.Establish standards and methods for measuring
performance.-standards should be stated in clear,
measurable terms that include specific deadlines.
• 2.Measure performance-measurement is an
ongoing repetitive process.
• 3.Determine whether performance matches the
standard-This is the easiest step in the control
process
• 4.Take corrective action-This step is necessary if
performance falls short of standards and the
analysis indicates action is required.
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5. The importance of control
• 1.Change-Control systems should be able to
detect changes affecting org.
• 2.Complexity-A more formal and careful
control approach is required.
• 3.Mistakes-allows managers to detect mistakes
before they become critical
• 4.Delegation-allows managers to check on
subordinates progress
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6. Types of control methodsTypes of control methods
• 1.Pre-action control
• 2.Steering control
• 3.Screening or Yes/No control
• 4.Post-action control
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7. 1.Pre-Action Contro1.Pre-Action Controll
• Control before an action is undertaken e.g
before a new product is launch, marketers
conduct market testing.
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Allow corrective action to be taken before a
particular sequence of actions is
completed.e.g after launching a new
product, marketers will monitor
competitors, customers and dealers
reaction and take corrective actions if
required.

8. 3.Screening or Yes/No controls3.Screening or Yes/No controls
Provides a screening process in which specific
aspects of a procedure must be met before
the operations is allowed to proceed.e.g
large customers withdrawal must be
approved by a bank officer.
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4.Post-action controls4.Post-action controls
Measure the result of a completed action e.g
marketers conducted Profitability analysis
to assess the profitability of the new
product

9. Selecting the Focal Point
for Control
• Feedforward (Preventive) Control
– Focuses on detecting undesirable material,
financial, or human resources that serve as
inputs to the transformation process.
• Concurrent Control
– Focuses on the transformation process to
ensure that it is functioning properly.
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10. Selecting the Focal Point for Control
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• Feedback Control
– Focuses on discovering undesirable output and
implementing corrective action.
• Multiple Focal Points
– Most organizations use several control systems
focused on various phases of the transformation
process.
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11. Control Focal Points
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Control system
Transformation
process
Inputs Outputs
Feedforward
control
Concurrent
control
Feedback
control

12. Characteristics of effective controlCharacteristics of effective control
systemssystems
1.Accurate-provide accurate info
2.Timely-up to date info
3.Objective and comprehensive-clear and
measurable
4.Focused on strategic control points-
focus on key areas such as finance and quality
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13. Characteristics of effective control
systems
5.Economically realistic-cost should be less
than the benefits
6.Organizationally realistic-org should have
adequate resources
7.Flexible-adaptable to changes
8.Prescriptive and operational-describe the corrective
actions to be taken
9.Accepted by organizational members
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14. Management from the IslamicManagement from the Islamic
perspectiveperspective
The management process based on
the Quran and the Sunnah to
promote societal well being and
Islamic values.-Islamic mgt seek to achieve a
balance between org profit, customer satisfaction,
societal well being and Islamic values.
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15. The principles Management from theThe principles Management from the
Islamic perspectiveIslamic perspective
1.Tauhid-work an an Ibadah or way of submission
to Allah
2.Syura-the importance of teamwork
3.Justice-the importance of fairness
4.Masruai’ah-the concept of legality based on the
syariah laws
5.Qualification-based on competencies
6.Maslahah-priority based on Islamic values
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