Different styles and movements of the architecture of the 20th century

1. Architectural Practice Renowned Architects From The
XX Century
AMBAR VIDRO ACEVEDO
UBALDO ROSARIO VARGAS
SIMPSON BATISTA BOBET
ARHT 301-001
PROF. JUAN SANTIAGO

2. Architectural Practice Renowned Architects From
The xx Century: late XIX breakthrough and pre-
WWII

3. The End of the xix century: overture to a new era
• The end of the XIX century marked the beginning of a new time, not only in the architecture but in almost every
aspect of the human life in a global scale. The new technology, the new ironwork, the revolution of machinery the
new politics, the new science, the new art all these redefined society in a new way of thinking. Many architectural
revolutionary practices from Europe were adopted in America for the old Spanish colonies dissolved, a search of
identity begun. Numerous architectural romantic revivals took place such as Neoclassic revival, Neo-gothic, French
Neo-Renaissance, Neo-barroque, Romanticism which included Egyptian, Chinese, Indian and Mozarabic aspects all
could be combined for no European rules were relevant.
The Palace of Westminster, Sir Charles Barry and
Augustus Pugin..
Palais Garnier, Charles Garnier Castillo de Chapultepec, Julius Hofmann,
Carl Gangolf Kayser, Carlos Schaffer,
Eleuterio Méndez y Ramón Rodríguez
Arangoity

4. Architecture without parameters
• Latin-American architecture moved without specific orders to follow. Many of the architects from the beginning of the XX
century went to the École des Beaux Arts de París which influenced their works heavily to the point the new Latin-American
identity was to separate the Spaniard colony by adopting the French architecture (Neoclassical, Neo-Rensissance, Art Nuveau,
Art Deco) still seeking a new image to show for France was the mother of modernism itself. This was known as the neo-colonial
movement from 1910. This movement allowed architects to choose a style for any program redefining the conception of the
model that the colonially imposed European empire illustration.
Teatro de la Ciudad Esperanza Iris,
Federico Ernesto Mariscal Piña (1918)The Architect, Jesús T. Acevedo
(1915)
La Sagrada Familia, Antoni Gaudí (1882-
?)

5. Art Nuveau, Art Deco, French Neo-Renassance
• The architectural rationalism ripped the academicals classicism with new styles and geometry. These ruptures like
the romantic eclecticism, where everything was valid, opened the way to the modern practices of the time
penetrating in the Latin-American continent and the US renovating and simplifying the architecture. These modern
movements such as Art Nuveau and Art Deco glorified the modern art that reflected the studies of the time which
were nature and machines.
Banco Popular Tower, Osvaldo Toro(1939)
Palacio de Bellas Artes de México, Federico Ernesto
Mariscal Piña and Adamo Boari (1934)
Casa de Los Lirios, Antoni Gaudí
(1905)

6. Neo-Plateresc, Neo-Colonial and Spanish Revival
• Spanish colonial language evolved in some parts of Latin-American territory even when the principal practice of the time was to
separate the colonial imposed imagery. Architects from México, Argentina Chile, United States and Puerto Rico evolved the
Spanish image to the modern life, still in a political basis for it was the origin identity of Latin-American politics.
First National Bank of Boston, Chambers y
Thomas, (1924)
Argentina Pavilion, Martín Noel (1929) Castillo Serrallés, Pedro Adolfo de Castro (1930)

7. Neo-Gothic
• The neo-gothic was an architectural practice from late XIX century and early XX century for the construction of Christian
temples in Latin-America. The construction of these temples, beyond their architecture, became part of a solution serving the
political and social needs of the Church. Through this idea we can understand these buildings as being symbols of the
balance. It allows us to structure the role of the Church on the continent in the late XIX century, using the neo-Gothic
architectural style as a pretext through three scales attached to geographical and political notions: the nation or the state, the
territory, and the local.
Barolo Palace, Mario Palanti (1923)
Edificio Las Heras, Arturo Prins (1949)
Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel, Antonin
Nechodoma (1908)

8. Pre-WWII
• The World War II was a crucial moment for everyone. It was a time of crisis and economic decay. In 1939 The war started and
with it brought to mind new methods of construction and design. The Concept of “Architectural mass” was introduced as an
industrial rationalist production of architecture. So the new movement went for a broader architectural perspective in a
simpler and “futuristic-obsessed” language in an attempt to overcome the WWII crisis.
Studio House, Luis Barrigán (1947)
Brazilian Pavilion, Oscar Niemeyer (1939) Cap Ducal, Roberto Dávila (1936)

9. Favelas and slums
• This time was defined by the economical crisis from the two world wars (1915 and 1945) and the Great depression
of the 30s. These events had a huge impact on low-income communities who fought to survive. They took an
architectural approach of clandestine construction of homes. Examples of this are the Brazilian favelas and other
slums all over Latin-America.

10. Architectural Practice Renowned Architects From
The XX Century:
Mid-XX Century Post World War II

11. Architectural practice from the mid-XX century After the World War II
After the world war ii against the invaders, the architectural practice together with the art takes a new turn that
focused on the reconstruction and new planning of the cities that were destroyed, the creation of cultural centers and
creation of New capitals such as Brasilia and Asia, and a more modern design that almost wants to forget the past.
Bombing of London Guernica – Picasso Seagram Building – Van Der Rohe Brasilia, Brazil

12. Architectural practice from the mid-XX century After the World War
II – Architects
The practice of the architecture around the world have taken a new modernist turn that is more simple, abstract and
mechanical.
Frank Lloyd Wright - Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in new York 1959

13. Architectural practice from the mid-XX century After the World War
II – Architects
Renzo Piano + Richard Roger - Centre Pompidou in Paris 1977

14. Architectural practice from the mid-XX century After the World War
II – Puerto Rico
Until the advent of World War II, the architecture in Puerto Rico was based on a historicist interpretation, this change after World
War ii. Public and private building no longer conformed to a nineteenth-century European tradition and it was replaced with an
aesthetic of the construction which enunciated postulates of progress. The new image wanted to represent the image of a
modern and progressive city. The first attempts by the government to modernize the architecture were made between 1941 and
1943 by the department office of interior design.
Casa España Antiguo Casino Student Center UPR, Rio Piedras

15. Architectural practice from the mid-XX century After the World War
II – Puerto Rico
Henry Klumb was one of the architects that who stood out in the new architectural modern movement. He was inspired by Rafael
Carmoega who looked for the simplicity and aesthetic of the white wall, and free of excessive ornamentation.
Cody Ranch – San Juan 1949 Rafael A. Mangual Coliseum – Mayaguez 1974

16. Architectural Practice Renowned Architects From
The xx Century:
Epilogue of the XX and transition to the XXI

17. Modern Architecture and Contemporary
Modernism or contemporary (architecture), it refers to something different, since modernism emerges at the end of
the nineteenth century and the contemporary style refers to the present, a current age
The design committee provided the state, with a mechanism for guaranteeing, that all public works be designed
according to the canons of modern architecture.
I was not until 1966 that these canons were actually taught on the island, (at the first School of Architecture) at the
University of Puerto Rico With Dean Jesus E. Amaral.
New class of locally educated professionals who would contribute to designing, building and protecting the island’s
environment.

18. Modern Movement And Postmodernims
Modern Movement exerted a tremendous influence and according to Andrés Mignucci, "reflects a diversity of
production and a multiplicity of forms of expression, which defy any single stylistic analysis ..."
By the 1980s, the modern movement was fully integrated in Puerto Rico and with the beginning of diversify, exploring
ideas and forms in the practice with the “Postmodernism".
In 1996 the school of architecture was founded at the Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico

19. PostModernism
Postmodernism emerged as the return of "reference, ornament and ingenuity of architecture" and was used as
opposed to the formalism that arose with the modern current.

20. MAPR, Luis A. Gutiérrez Arquitectos,
2000

21. References
• Gutiérrez , R., & Gutiérrez Viñuales, R. (2012). Una mirada crítica a la arquitectura latinoamericana del siglo XX. De las realidades a los
desafíos. Independencias dependientes. Art and national identities in Latin America, (1810-1910-2010). Retrieved April 3, 2017, from
http://www.ugr.es/~rgutierr/PDF1/171.pdf
• Silvia Alfaro. "ARQUITECTURA LATINOAMERICANA DEL SIGLO XX Mosaico extraordinario de pueblos y ciudades." 2014, 1-6. Accessed April 3, 20017.
http://www.editorialmapale.com/uploads/1/9/6/8/19689675/arquitectura_2014-4.pdf.
• Carranza, L., & Lara, F. L. (2014). Modern Architecture in Latin America: Art, Technology, and Utopia (1st ed.). Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
• Checa-Artasu, M. (2013). LA IGLESIA Y LA EXPANSIÓN DEL NEOGÓTICO EN LATINOAMÉRICA: UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE LA GEOGRAFÍA DE LA
RELIGIÓN. Naveg@mérica, 2013(11), 1-21.
• AD Classics: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum / Frank Lloyd Wright. (2010, May 17). Retrieved April 04, 2017, from http://www.archdaily.com/60392/ad-
classics-solomon-r-guggenheim-museum-frank-lloyd-wright
• Piano and Rogers share Centre Pompidou photographs on 40th anniversary. (2017, February 01). Retrieved April 04, 2017, from
https://www.dezeen.com/2017/01/31/renzo-piano-richard-rogers-photography-centre-pompidou-paris-40th-anniversary/
• Vivoni, E. (2012, July). La arquitectura del movimiento moderno en Puerto Rico: la obra de Toro y Ferrer y Henry Klumb [PDF]. Puerto Rico: IAT EDITORIAL
ON LI.
• José, P. P. (2016, March 06). Rescatando la vida pública: Proyectos de reactivación social. Retrieved April 04, 2017, from
https://monografito.wordpress.com/2014/08/08/rescatando-la-vida-publica/
• Luis Alberto Velázquez Núñez , Arquitecto at Transforma Estudio Follow. (2010, September 18). "Estilos Arquitectónicos del siglo XX y XXl.
Retrieved April 04, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/luisbetovelnu/estilos-arquitectnicos-del-siglo-xx-y-xxl-5230556